Agriculture Exams Library

2023-03-27 14:35:48 FRUIT TYPE AND EDIBLE PARTS

1. Apple (Pome) -Fleshy thalamus

2. Banana (Berry) -Mesocarp and endocarp

3. Cashew nut (nut) -Peduncle and cotyledons

4. Coconut- (Fibrous drupe) Endosperm

5. Custard apple -(Etaerio of berries) Fleshy pericarp of individual berries

6. Fig (Syconus)- Fleshy receptacle

7. Guava (Berry)- Thalamus and pericarp

8. Grape (Berry)- Pericarp and placentae

9. Mango (Drupe) -Mesocarp

10. Orange (Hesperidium) -Juicy placental hair

11. Papaya (Berry) Mesocarp

12. Pineapple (Sorosis)- Fleshy thalamus

13. Pomegranate (Pome) -Aril.

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2023-03-27 12:01:28 New Batch
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2023-03-27 10:31:27 COMMON TERMS USED IN DAIRY MANAGEMENT:

CALF: Young one of cow by birth to 6 Months of age is known as Calf

HEIFER: Female calf from the age of puberty to calving is known as Heifer.

BULL OR SIRE: A male calf from the age of puberty to castration is known as Bull or Sire. It is fit for servicing.

BULLOCK: A castrated bull is known as Bullock which is used for work or ploughing

SCRUB BULL: A bull which is not having good progeny record non descriptive bull.

BREEDING BULL: A bull which is maintained for the purpose of breeding which is having good Progeny record.

TEASER BULL: A caudectomised bull (after conducting curulectomy operation) which is used in the herd to detect the animals in heat.

COW: A female or heifer after first calving is known as Cow.

MILCH COW: A cow which gives milk is known as milch cow.

DRY COW: A cow which has stopped the milk is known as dry cow.

NOTE: The same terms are applied to the buffaloes with prefix of Buffalo Eg. Buffalo calf, Buff Bull.

COLOSTRUM: The milk produced by a cow or buffalo just after calving is known as Colostrum

LACTATION: The period between the parturition or delivery of calf to stoppage of milk secretion of a cow is known as lactation.

GESTATION PERIOD: The duration of pregnancy is known as gestation period

WEAVING: Separation of calf from the mother after parturition is known as weaning.

CULLING: Culling is a process in known the unwanted, unproductive or uneconomic animals are removed from the herd or farm. This is done for economical.

BREEDING: Crossing of the male and female individuals of the same species to obtain the offspring of the desired characters is known as breeding.

OESTRUS OR HEAT PERIOD: The period during which the female animal accepts the male for coitus or servicing and conception takes place.

ARTIFICAL INSEMINATION: A.I .Introduction of semen into the female genital tract by means of instruments is known as A.I.

SERVICING: Mating of bull and cow in heat is known as servicing.

FREEMORTIN: When twin calves of opposite sexes are born to a cow, the female twin born is known.

VEAL: The meant of calf is known as veal. https://t.me/agricultureexams2020 Open / Comment

2023-03-27 08:49:35 ALL INDIA SCHOLARSHIP TEST

Top 3 students will get 70% discount 2023-24 Full Live class Course

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2023-03-27 07:05:11 For daily exam important bits
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FUNCTIONS OF NUTRIENTS

• C, H and O are the elements that provide basic structure to the plant.

• N, S and P are useful in energy storage, transfer and bonding.

• N, S and P are accessory structural elements which are more active and vital for living tissues.

• K, Ca and Mg are necessary for charge balance. They act as regulators and carriers.

• Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Mo and Cl are involved in enzyme activation and electron transport. They act as catalysers and activators.

• Basic nutrients C, H and O are constituents of carbohydrates and several biochemical compounds.

• Nitrogen is a constituent of proteins, enzymes, hormones,
vitamins, alkaloids, chlorophyll etc.

• Phosphorus is a constituent of sugar phosphates, nucleotides, nucleic acids, coenzymes and phospholipids.

• Process of anabolism and catabolism of carbohydrates proceed when organic compounds are esterised with phosphoric acid.

• Potassium is not a constituent of any organic compound.

• Potassium is required as a cofactor for 40 or more enzymes.

• Potassium controls movement of stomata and maintains electroneutrality of plant cells.

• Sulphur is a constituent of several aminoacids and fatty acids.

• Calcium is a constituent of cell wall as calcium pectate.

• Calcium is required as a cofactor in hydrolysis of ATP and phospholipids.

• Magnesium is a constituent of chlorophyll.

• Magnesium is required in several enzymes involved in phosphate transfer.

• Iron is a constituent of various enzymes like cytochrome,
catalase and plays the part of a vital catalyst in the plant.

• Iron is a key element in various redox reactions of respiration, photosynthesis and reduction of nitrates and sulphates.

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• Manganese is a constituent of several cation activated enzymes like decarboxylases, kinases, oxidases etc.

• Manganese is essential for the formation of chlorophyll,
reduction of nitrates and for respiration.

• Copper and Zinc are involved in cation activated enzymes.

• Boron helps in carbohydrate transport.

• Boron is necessary for the germination of pollen, formation of flowers and fruits and for the absorption of cations.

• Molybdenum is required for the assimilation of nitrates as well as for the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen.

• Chlorine is involved in reaction relating to oxygen evolution.

• Co, Se are the elements that need to be applied to forage crops from the viewpoint of animal nutrition.

• Cobalt is essential for the synthesis of vitamin B12.

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2023-03-26 07:36:25 Different types of disease symptoms

Necrosis : It indicates the death of cells, tissues and organs resulting from infection by pathogen. Necrotic symptoms include spots, blights, burn, canker, streaks, stripes, damping-off, rot etc.

Wilt : Withering and drooping of a plant starting from some leaves to growing tip occurs suddenly or gradually. Wilting takes place due to blockage in the translocation system caused by the pathogen.

Die-back: Drying of plant organs such as stem or branches which starts from the tip and progresses gradually towards the main stem or trunk is called die-back or wither tip.

Mildew: White, grey or brown coloured superficial growth of the pathogen on the host surface is called mildew.

Rusts : Numerous small pustules growing out through host epidermis which gives rusty (rust formation on iron) appearance of the affected parts.

Smuts : Charcoal-like and black or purplish-black dust like masses developed on the affected plant parts, mostly on floral organs as inflorescence are called smut.

Blotch : A large area of discolouration of a leaf, fruit etc. giving a blotchy appearance.

White blisters : Numerous white coloured blister-like ruptures are surfaced on the host epidermis that forms powdery masses of spores of fungi. They are called white
blisters or white rust.

Colour change : It denotes conversion of green pigment of leaves into other colours mostly to yellow colour, in patches or covering the entire leaves.
(i) Etioliation:
Yellowing due to lack of light, (ii) Chlorosis:
Yellowing due to infection viruses, bacteria, fungi, low temperature lack of iron etc.
(iii) Albino:
Lack of any pigment
and turned into white or bleached
(iv) Chromosis:
Red, purple or orange pigmentation due to physiological orders etc.

Exudation : Such symptom is commonly found in bacterial diseases when masses of bacterial cells ooze out to the surface of affected plant parts and form some drops or smear, it is called exudation. This exudation forms a crust on the host surface after drying.

Overgrowth :
Excessive growth of the plant parts due to infection by pathogens.
Overgrowth takes place by two processes
(i) Hyperplasia :
abnormal increase in size
due to excessively more cell division
(ii) Hypertrophy :
abnormal increase in size or
shape due to excessive enlargement of the size of cell of a particular tissue.

Atrophy:
It is known as hypoplasia or dwarfing which is resulted from the inhibition of growth due to reduction in cell division or cell size.

Sclerotia:
These are dark and hard structures of various shaped composed of dormant mycelia of some fungi. Sometimes, sclerotia are developed on the affected parts of the plant. Presence of sclerotia on the host surface is specifically called a sign of disease rather than symptom. Open / Comment

2023-03-25 18:11:12 New videos added for afo, nabard and all state agriculture exams

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2023-03-25 10:00:20 ALL INDIA SCHOLARSHIP TEST

Top 3 students will get 70% discount 2023-24 Full Live class Course

Top 3-25 will get discount of 40% discount on all courses

Top 26-50 Will get 20% discount on all courses

How to attempt the test instructions
1) AFTER OPENING THE APP CLICK ON THE TEST SERIES TAB
2) CLICK ON THE IBPS AFO TEST SERIES
3) CLICK ON THE SCHOLARSHIP TEST AND ATTEMPT

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2023-03-25 06:41:26 #ENTOMLOGY #FCI #AFO
Types of Mouth Parts:

a. Chewing and Biting type: Grasshoppers, locust, beetles, larval Lepidoptera.

b. Piercing and sucking type: Mosquito, aphids, bugs, leafhoppers.

c. Sponging type: Housefly.

d. Siphoning type: Butterfly, moths.

e. Chewing and lapping type: Honey bee.

f. Rasping and sucking type: Thrips.

Daily Quiz and Study materials for FCI, CCI ,AFO exam will be available here
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2023-03-24 15:44:04 Rashtriya Gokul Mission #Nabard #AFO

‘Rashtriya Gokul Mission’ was launched in 2014 to conserve and develop indigenous bovine breeds, under the National Programme for Bovine Breeding and Dairy Development (NPBBD).

Key objectives of the mission
Development and conservation of indigenous breeds.
Undertake breed improvement programme for indigenous cattle breeds so as to improve the
genetic makeup and increase the stock.
Enhance milk production and productivity.
Upgrade nondescript cattle using elite indigenous breeds like Gir, Sahiwal, Rathi, Deoni, Tharparkar, Red Sindhi.
Distribute disease free high genetic merit bulls for natural service. Open / Comment