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2022-11-06 20:02:04 What are functions of vitamins A, C, D, E, K?

Vitamin A helps form and maintain healthy teeth, bones, soft tissue, mucous membranes, and skin.

Vitamin C, also called ascorbic acid, is an antioxidant that promotes healthy teeth and gums. It helps the body absorb iron, maintain healthy tissue and heal wounds.

Vitamin D is also known as the "sunshine vitamin”. 10-15 minutes of sunshine 3 times a week is enough to produce the body's requirement of vitamin D for most people. It helps the body absorb calcium that we need for the normal development and maintenance of healthy teeth and bones, and maintain proper blood levels of calcium and phosphorus. Without sunshine, it is rather hard to get enough vitamin D from food sources.

Vitamin E is an antioxidant also known as tocopherol. It helps the body form red blood cells and use vitamin K.

Vitamin K is needed because without it, blood would not stick together. Some studies suggest that it is important for bone health.

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2022-11-05 19:16:11 What are vitamins?

Vitamins are micronutrients that help the body make full use of other nutrients by assisting the chemical reactions that make those nutrients work. They are needed for normal cell function, growth, and development.

There are essential vitamins:
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
Vitamin B3 (niacin)
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)
Pantothenic acid (B5)
Biotin (B7)
Folate (folic acid or B9)

Vitamins are grouped into categories:
The four fat-soluble vitamins - A, D, E, and K – are stored in the body's liver, fatty tissue, and muscles. They are absorbed more easily by the body in the presence of dietary fat.
The nine water-soluble vitamins – C and all the B vitamins – are not stored in the body and should be consumed on a regular basis. The exception to this is vitamin B12, which can be stored in the liver for many years.

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2022-11-04 20:32:06 Open / Comment

2022-11-03 19:00:36 Open / Comment

2022-11-02 20:15:40 What are food, calories and nutrients?

Food is one of the basic necessities of life, it is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for an organism.

Food contains nutrients, which are essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues and for the regulation of vital processes. Nutrients provide the energy our bodies need to function.

A food staple is a food that makes up the dominant part of a population's diet. It varies from place to place, depending on the food sources available, is eaten regularly—even daily—and ideally should supply a major proportion of a person's energy and nutritional needs.

The energy in food is measured in units called calories.

Scientists divide nutrients into major groups:
carbohydrates
fats
proteins
minerals
vitamins
water.
Most foods contain all or most nutrient groups, in different amounts.

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2022-10-27 13:38:14 What is the most popular food in the world nowadays?

If we are talking about food products different studies include in their top ratings such products as:
grains, including wheat, rice and corn
eggs
potatoes
meat
apples

If by food we mean dishes, the top of the list usually consists of:
pizza
bread, including tortillas
pasta
burger
sushi
noodles
croissant
cookies

Recently, pizza and pasta have traditionally been put by surveys at the top of the most popular food in the world, so one can say that the Italian cuisine is the world’s most demanded culinary tradition nowadays.

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2022-10-22 18:43:51 What is Gloger’s rule explanation?

Colour variation associated with Gloger’s rule is mainly due to differences in melanin pigmentation.

Melanins, the most common pigment in birds and mammals, come in two main types:
eumelanins, responsible for black and various shades of grey,
and
pheo-melanins, yielding brown, buff and rufous colours.

Mixtures of both produce intermediate shades.

Climatic variables correlate in different ways with the deposition of both melanin types. In dry and warm areas only deposition of eumelanins is reduced, while in very cold areas both types of melanins are diminished but the effect on pheomelanin is more marked. This results in pale coloration at higher latitudes where temperatures are low, darker and more intense colours in humid and warm places and pale reddish coloration in warm areas with low rainfall.

Camouflage, photoprotection, protection against parasites and pleiotropic effects have been suggested as four main causes of the rule.

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