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Channel address: @askmenow
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Get Daily General Knowledge Questions and Answers
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The latest Messages 12

2022-10-15 18:54:18
What are Bergmann’s rule’s explanation and examples?

The general explanation for Bergmann’s rule is attributed to the importance of the surface area to volume ratio. In order to reduce heat loss, warm-blooded animals in colder climates have an advantage in the reduction of the surface area to volume ratio.

For example, bears, wolves and foxes living in Northern parts of Eurasia are larger than sub-species from the Central and Southern Asia. Or Amur tigers from the Russian Far East are often twice larger than tigers from the Southeast Asia and Sumatra.

This phenomenon is sometimes considered a trend for animal species in general, not just warm-blooded animals.

Recent studies have indicated that turtles and salamanders also tend to follow Bergmann's rule, with exceptions concentrated within lizards and snakes.

But the generality of this rule still remains a question, as many exceptions to it are known. This reflects both the uncertainty in science and the diversity of nature.

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10.6K views15:54
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2022-10-14 19:41:09
What are Bergmann’s and Allen’s rules?

Bergmann's rule is one of the best-known generalizations in zoology.

It is generally defined as a within-species tendency in warm-blooded animals to have increasing body size with increasing latitude and decreasing ambient temperature.

Bergmann's rule states that among mammals and birds, individuals of a particular species in colder areas tend to have greater body mass than individuals in warmer areas.

This principle is named after a nineteenth-century German biologist, Karl Bergmann (1814-1865, on the left), who published observations along these lines in 1847.

A corollary of Bergmann's rule is Allen's rule, observed in 1877 by Joel Asaph Allen (1838-1921, on the right) which indicates a trend in terms of appendages of warm-blooded animals according to latitude. Allen's rule holds that individuals in populations of the same species have a tendency to have shorter limbs than the corresponding animals in warmer climates.

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9.7K views16:41
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2022-10-09 09:30:01
What are some amazing facts about pens?

The viscous ink of a ballpoint pen is made of a paste containing about 25-40 percent dye that is suspended in oil. Thanks to this formula, developed and improved by all “fathers” of ballpoint pens, ink doesn’t leak or clog. It is one of important elements of commercial success of this type of writing instruments.

Before an average ballpoint pen runs out of ink, it can write 45,000 words.

The world's biggest ballpoint pen was designed by Acharya Makunuri Srinivasa from India in 2011. The pen weighs 37 kilograms and is 5.5 meters high. This pen is fully functional and holds the Guinness world record.

The world’s smallest pen is the 'Nanofountain Probe’ . Scientists normally use it for nanoscale on-chip patterning. The lines produced by this device are only 40 nanometers wide. It carries its own ink reservoir.

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789 views06:30
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2022-10-08 18:44:16
What is the most popular ballpoint pen in the world?

With the Biro Pen Laszlo Biro had never achieved mass market success, but the designs of his invention were licensed by a French manufacturer Marcel Bich (1914-1994) for two million dollars.

Bich invested in leading design and technologies of the time and presented his ballpoint pen in 1950.

In 1953 his Bic Company began to sell a plastic, cheap to manufacture, and incredibly usable writing instrument.

It was the Bic Cristal that achieved unsurmounted commercial success.

Since it went into production in the 1950s, over 100 billion Bic Cristals have been sold, more than any other writing instrument in history.

After eighty years, the design of the most popular pen in the world remains mostly unchanged.

The Museum of Modern Art in New York City recognized the Bic Cristal's industrial design by introducing it into the museum's permanent collection .

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1.8K views15:44
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2022-10-07 19:00:05
What is another name for a ballpoint of a pen and why?

In many English-speaking countries another name for a is “biro” after László Bíró (1899-1985) .

Mr.Bíró was a Jewish newspaper man and journalist, born in Hungary .

Frustrated with the writing tools of their day, together with his brother György, László developed the concept of a ballpoint pen and in 1938 patented what is considered the modern .

The key element of Bíró’s invention was a special ink made with a paste instead of water that made the ballpoint possible.

So, the Biro Pen is the modern ballpoint pen.

After moving to Argentina in 1941, the Bíró Brothers launched the Bíró Pens of Argentina factory along with their new business partner, Juan Jorge Meyne. Biro Pens named the ballpoint pens Bíróme (a merger of the names Bíró and Meyne). To this day, pens in Argentina are still referred to as Bírómes .

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1.6K views16:00
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2022-10-07 12:19:03
Why the first ballpoint pen didn’t write on paper?

The first patent for a ballpoint pen was obtained in 1888 by John J. Loud (1844-1916) , inventor, lawyer and...a leather tanner.

While tanning leather, he often needed to mark a point to cut. A pencil would be too faint and using a fountain pen made this process quite messy.

Looking for an alternative, he designed a writing tool that had a small rotating metal ball clutched in a socket.

This mechanism allowed the ball to cycle ink from the reservoir inside the pen to the surface as the ball spun around in its socket.

The inventor described this writing instrument as ‘an improved reservoir or fountain pen, especially useful, among other purposes, for marking on rough surfaces…where an ordinary pen could not be used.’

Loud’s first ballpoint pen was great when used on leather, but it was too rough on paper.

That’s why this invention could not replace fountain pens at the end of the 19th century.

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1.3K views09:19
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2022-10-05 21:07:15
How to train children’s immunity and what is the hygiene hypothesis?

In the 20th century, with better hygiene and cleaning products people got able to reduce the spread of multiple infections and diseases.

However, the desire to keep children in very clean environments did not lead to the disappearance of allergies, fevers and asthma, rather the opposite.

In the late 1980s a British epidemiologist David P. Strachan found that children in larger households had fewer instances of hay fever because they are exposed to germs by older siblings.

That was called the hygiene hypothesis.

The idea is similar to the training of athletes. The more you train your body, the more physical stress you are able to withstand. The same is thought to be true for the immune system that should “train” by fighting off contaminants found in everyday life.

So, along with implementing all good hygiene practices it is also recommended to let children play outside, even if they may get dirty.

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1.9K views18:07
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2022-10-04 12:51:49
What is the history of modern commercial toilet paper?

In 1857 an American Joseph Gayetty creates the first commercial toilet paper. His "Gayetty's Medicated Paper" comes in pre-moistened flat sheets medicated with aloe. It didn't become popular immediately, however, since the public was accustomed to using materials they got for free rather than paying for them.

In the 1880s the first rolled, perforated toilet paper was commercialized, but it used production techniques that would often leave splinters in it!

Only after 1935 "splinter-free" toilet paper comes to the market.

In the 1940s toilet paper becomes softer, companies begin selling the first two-ply toilet paper.

In the second half of the 20th century manufacturers create different soft variations of toilet paper.

Today toilet paper with multiple layers is the standard in many countries.

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1.2K views09:51
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2022-09-23 21:28:49
What do we know about the history of toilet paper?

In very ancient times, wiping with stones, seashells, animal furs and other natural materials and rinsing with water or snow was common.

For toilet purposes Romans used sponges on sticks, known as tersoriums, but these tools may have been used more like toilet brushes than toilet paper.

As paper was invented in the 2nd century BC by Chinese, it’s not surprising that the first use of toilet paper was also recorded in the Middle Kingdom. In the 6th century AD toilet paper was already widely used in China. There is evidence that by the early 14th century, the Chinese were manufacturing toilet paper at the rate of 10 million packages of 1,000 to 10,000 sheets annually. In the 1390s, thousands of perfumed paper sheets were also produced for the Hongwu Emperor’s imperial family. That was almost the as we have come to think of it.

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1.4K views18:28
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2022-09-22 11:39:37
When were modern toothpastes invented?

The development of toothpaste as we know it now began in the 1800s. First, it was powder often containing soap or chalk and betel nut. Later in the 1860s, some homemade toothpastes used ground charcoal, similar to ancient Greek versions.

Manufacturers created fluoride toothpaste to help prevent cavities in 1914.

After 1945 soap was replaced by manufacturers with other ingredients to make it a smoother paste with ingredients found in present-day toothpaste.

In the later 20th century, modern toothpaste was developed to prevent or treat specific diseases and conditions such as sensitivity.

When it was found that abrasive toothpaste could wear away or damage enamel, toothpastes with very low abrasiveness were also developed.

Toothpaste today is stored in tubes and typically contains fluoride, coloring, flavoring, sweetener, and ingredients that make the toothpaste smooth, foamy and keep it moist.

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3.2K views08:39
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