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2023-05-04 11:24:39 Why do like poles of a magnet repel each other and unlike poles attract each other?

Every magnet has a magnetic field around it, which is represented by magnetic lines of force.

The magnetic lines of force start from the north pole and end at the south pole outside the magnet and and go from the south pole to the north pole inside the magnet.

The density of the magnetic field lines is higher near the poles where the magnetic force is stronger.

When two magnets are placed with their like poles facing each other, the lines of force are in opposite directions and hence like poles repel each other. When the unlike poles of a bar magnet face each other the magnetic lines of force are in the same direction and hence unlike poles attract each other.

Magnetic monopoles do not exist in nature. Even if we cut a magnet into two parts, the new poles will always appear in pairs. Hence we cannot separate the north and the south poles of a magnet. Open / Comment

2023-05-03 20:49:10 What are top smallest countries by area?

Most of the world's smallest nations are either island States, or tiny countries landlocked in Europe.

From street-sized to giant town-sized, the 13 smallest countries are all under 400 sq. km. and combined area of 3226.51 sq. km.

Most of these tiniest States are dependent on tourism.

Vatican City - 0.44 km2 (0.17 mi2)
Monaco - 2.02 km2 (0.78 mi2)
Nauru - 21 km2 (8.1 mi2)
Tuvalu - 26 km2 (10 mi2)
San Marino - 61 km2 (24 mi2)
Liechtenstein - 160 km2 (52 mi2)
Marshall Islands - 181 km2 (70 mi2)
Saint Kitts & Nevis - 261 km2 (101 mi2)
Maldives - 298 km2 (115 mi2)
Malta - 316 km2 (122 mi2)
Grenada - 344 km2 (133 mi2)
St Vincent & the Grenadines - 389 km2 (150 mi2)
Barbados - 431 km2 (166 mi2)
Antigua and Barbuda - 443 km2 (171 mi2)
Seychelles - 455 km2 (176 mi2)

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2023-05-02 23:57:52 What is the world’s smallest country?

Vatican City is the tiniest country in the world and is just an enclave of the capital city of Rome .

is also the smallest monarchy in the world, with head of state, His Holiness the Pope, as well as the smallest city-state with no capital of its own.

Its history dates back to the 4th century when Theodosius I made Christianity the official state religion of the Roman Empire.

On February 11, 1929, the Lateran Treaty was signed by Italy and the Holy See, establishing Vatican City as an independent state. Since then, it has been an independent city-state under Papal control.

This landlocked country covers an area of 0.49 sq. km. with population of just over 500 and density of around 1,000 per sq. km.

Vatican is the territory of the Holy See (Sancta Sedes), the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church, and the seat of the episcopal jurisdiction and the Catholic Church's central government.

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2023-04-30 13:30:45 Open / Comment

2023-04-29 12:48:48 What is the smallest country of the 10 most densely populated countries?

The countries with the highest population density (a measurement of the average number of people who live in a given area) are also some of the world’s smallest States.

Here are the most densely populated countries:
Monaco - 19083.37 people per km2
Singapore - 7953/km2
Bahrain - 2012.1/km2
Maldives - 1718.99/km2
Malta - 1514.47/km2
Bangladesh - 1239.58/km2
Palestine - 759/km2
Lebanon - 669.49/km2
Barbados - 666.61/km2
Nauru - 635.2/km2

Monaco

is not only the most densely populated country in the world but also the smallest on this list with an area of just 1.21 sq. km (0.75 sq. miles).

is a tiny principality in Europe, on the northern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, surrounded by France.

has the population of nearly 39 thousand people, which makes it also one of the world’s least populous countries.

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2023-04-28 22:03:21 What best illustrates Theory of Chaos?

Theory of chaos is best illustrated by the butterfly effect, which states that small events can have a large unpredictable influence on the future.

The butterfly effect was first named by meteorologist and mathematician Edward Lorenz (1917-2008), who was searching for ways to accurately predict the weather and found that mathematical linear models, tracing the path between a cause, A and an effect, B, did not provide accurate predictions. When he changed an initial atmospheric condition by only 0.000127, such a small, seemingly insignificant change caused a model to predict very different future weather conditions.

Lorenz likened his findings to the idea that a butterfly’s wing flapping represents the tiny change in atmospheric condition that would have the potential to alter the trajectory of a typhoon.

This metaphor allowed the concept to be taken out of purely scientific discourse and be understood by the general public.

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2023-04-26 09:30:23 What is Chaos Theory?

Chaos theory is a complicated mathematical theory that seeks to explain the effect of seemingly insignificant factors, chaotic or random occurrences. It is now often applied to various complex systems that could be predictable for a while and then appear to become random.

Generally understood as a state of confusion, lacking any order, in a scientific context, the word chaos has a slightly different meaning and refers to an apparent lack of order in a system that nevertheless obeys particular laws or rules. This understanding is synonymous with dynamical instability, a condition discovered by the French physicist Henri Poincaré (1854-1912) in the early 20th century that refers to an inherent lack of predictability in some physical systems.

The main components of chaos theory are:
systems - no matter how complex they may be - rely upon an underlying order
very simple or small systems and events can cause very complex behaviors or events.

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2023-04-25 17:42:06 What are the origins of the term Domino Effect?

The domino effect (also known as the ripple effect or domino theory) is a chain reaction that occurs when one event sets off a series of similar, related, or connected events.

It is a reference to a series of standing dominoes, each of which topples the next, creating a chain reaction.

The term is often used as a metaphor for cause-and-effect relationships to describe complex situations or events, such as a natural disaster, series of accidents, or financial collapse, that typically happen within a small time frame.

Historically, the term stems from a falling domino theory formed by American political establishment and stating that once Communism is allowed to take over a country, other small countries around it are more likely to become Communists.

During the 1960s, US Presidents repeatedly cited the falling domino principle to justify increasing American military involvement in the Vietnam War.

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2023-04-24 14:15:32 How old is ecology as a science?

Ecology is the study of organisms and how they interact with the environment around them.

Although scientists have been studying the natural world for centuries, ecology in the modern sense has only been around since the 19th century. Then, scientists began studying how plants functioned, how animals interact with other animals and plants and their effects on the habitats around them.

The term ecology was coined by the German biologist Ersnt Haeckel (1834-1919) in the late 1860sm.

The word is derived from the Greek Oikos=Home and logos=study.

In the 20th century, ecology began gaining popularity in the 1960s, when environmental issues were rising to the forefront of public awareness.

Today, ecologists study and observe all forms of life and their ecosystems throughout our . The information they gather continues to affect the future of our planet.

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2023-04-18 23:35:13 How biology is subdivided?

Most scientists agree that biology is subdivided into major branches.

Botany deals with the study of plants.

Zoology deals with the study of animals.

Microbiology deals with the study of microorganisms.

But as biology covers a broad range of topics, many (sub)disciplines fall under its umbrella, eg:

Anatomy - description of body structures of various living organisms as revealed by dissection.

Astrobiology - study of the evolution of life in the universe.

Biochemistry

Bioengineering - application of engineering principles to biology and vice versa.

Biophysics employs the principles of physics to understand how biological systems work.

Biotechnology involves using biological systems to develop products.

Ecology studies how organisms interact with their environment.

Genetics – the study of heredity.

Immunology - the study of the immune system.

Physiology - the study of how living things work.

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