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2023-07-07 08:06:01 Requirements before Census exercise

Before every Census, every state is required to provide information to the Registrar General of India (RGI) on changes in the number of notified districts, villages, towns and other administrative units since the previous Census.
The Registrar General of India is the head of the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner.
It is responsible for conducting the decennial Census of India and maintaining the Civil Registration System in the country.
The Registrar General of India serves as the principal advisor to the Government of India on all matters related to the registration of births, deaths, and marriages.
The office also collects and analyzes demographic and socio-economic data for policy planning and implementation purposes.
Boundaries of administrative units are frozen three months before the Census exercise begins.
As per Rule 8(iv) of Census Rules, 1990, the boundaries of the administrative units shall be frozen from the date intimated by the Census Commissioner, which shall not be earlier than one year from the Census reference date.
In this period, the data is compiled and shared with RGI for preparatory work on the Census.
Also, Census work is preceded by the house-listing enumeration.

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2023-07-07 08:06:01 The Census enumeration scheduled to take place in 2021 has been pushed to 2024-25 until further orders.
In a letter sent to all states and Union Territories last month, the office of the Registrar General of India (RGI) has extended the deadline for freezing administrative boundaries to January 1, 2024.
The Census enumeration can begin only a few months after administrative boundaries are frozen.
With this, the exercise related to National Population Register (NPR) would also get delayed.
NPR is to be updated with the first phase of Census 2021.

Census in India

Population Census provides basic statistics on state of human resources, demography, culture and economic structure at local, regional and national level.
Beginning in the year 1872, when the first census was conducted non-synchronously, the census enumeration exercise in India is carried out in every 10 years.
The first synchronous census was taken under British rule in 1881, by W.C. Plowden, Census Commissioner of India.
The responsibility of conducting the decadal census rests with the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, Ministry of Home Affairs.

What is the Legal/Constitutional basis of Census in India?

Population census is listed in Union List (entry 69) of Seventh Schedule in Indian Constitution.
Census is conducted under the provisions of the Census Act, 1948.

What is the Process of census enumeration?

The Census Operations in India have been carried out in two phases:
House-listing and Housing Census and
Population Enumeration.
The Population Enumeration follows the Housing Census within a gap of six to eight months.
In Population Enumeration phase each person is enumerated and her/his individual particulars like Age, Marital status, Religion, mother tongue etc.

Some of the features of upcoming census

The ensuing decadal Census of India will be the 16th in series and 8th after independence.
In the history of Indian Census, for the first time, the Census data will be collected digitally i.e., on Mobile App in the ensuing census.
Also, self-enumeration facility will be provided for the first time in the forthcoming Census.

National Population Register (NPR)

The NPR is a register of usual residents of the country. It is mandatory for every usual resident of India to register in the NPR.
According to the Citizenship (Registration of Citizens and issue of National Identity Cards) Rules, 2003, a usual resident is:
a person who has resided in a local area for the past 6 months or more; or
a person who intends to reside in that area for the next 6 months or more.
It includes both Indian citizens as well as a foreign citizen.
The objective of the NPR is to create a comprehensive identity database of every usual resident in the country.
The first National Population Register was prepared in 2010 and updating this data was done during 2015 by conducting door to door survey.
The next National Population Register shall be held along with the Census 2021.
Due to the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic, the work of NPR updation and other related field activities got postponed.
NPR is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General of India (RGI) under the Home Ministry.

Legal basis of NPR

NPR is prepared under Rule 3 of the Citizenship (Registration of Citizens and Issue of National Identity Cards) Rules, 2003.
These rules were framed under the Citizenship Act, 1955.
The NPR is different from the National Register of Citizens (NRC) which excludes the foreign citizens.
NRC is a register containing details of Indian Citizens living in India and outside India.

News Summary: Census to be delayed again, deadline for freezing administrative boundaries pushed to January 1, 2024

The deadline to freeze the administrative boundaries of districts, tehsils and towns, among others, has been extended till December 31, 2023.
This rules out the Census exercise before the 2024 General Elections.
The decennial Census exercise that was to be conducted in 2021 was postponed indefinitely, initially due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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2023-07-07 05:53:07 #UPSC- CSE 2024

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2023-07-07 05:44:02 The Hindu 07 July 2023 | INA | Balance Diet

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2023-07-07 05:35:33 The Hindu 06 July 2023 | INA | Balance Diet

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2023-07-07 05:35:16 The Hindu 05 July 2023 | INA | Balance Diet

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2023-07-07 04:33:29
The Hindu 07 July 2023 I NA | Balance Diet

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2023-07-06 07:42:01 Nigerian health agency has flagged off two drugs — oral paracetamol and another cough medicine — manufactured by companies based in Mumbai and Punjab for being “sub-standard or found to be containing toxins”.

Since
October last year, Indian pharma companies have been under constant international scrutiny for exporting allegedly contaminated drugs, which have led to deaths of children.
Apart from Nigeria, Cameroon also sounded an alarm over another cough syrup reportedly made in India when several children died.
Sri Lanka called out two drugs manufactured in India linking them to adverse reactions in several patients.
Most recently, Gambia has declared that from July 1, it is running strict quality control checks on all pharma products shipped into the country, before they leave Indian shores.
Gambia had reported deaths of at least 70 children related to a contaminated cough syrup made in India, in December last year.
Uzbekistan had reported death of at least 18 children after consuming cough syrup contaminated with high amounts of diethylene glycol (DEG) or ethylene glycol poured in.
The complaints from across the world on quality of Indian drugs does not seem to stop.
Soon after the deaths of children in Gambia and Uzbekistan, the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) had cancelled the licence of a pharma company named Marion Biotech.

Why Are Regulators Failing to Take Action Against Faulty Manufacturing Practices?

Ideally, when a manufacturer is found to be violating laws especially in cases where there is a threat to life or alleged deaths, a criminal prosecution of the persons who are responsible for manufacturing and marketing the drug should be launched.
Instead of doing that, the Ministry of Health, CDSCO and the state regulator keep passing the buck.
Also, State Food and Drug Administration bodies are not mandated to disclose the reports of inspections conducted by them on the pharma manufacturing facilities that fall under their jurisdiction.

Why Are Pharma Companies Not Punished?

It is important to note that the licensing and prosecutions of pharma companies is the responsibility of State governments.
Under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940, manufacturers not adhering to good manufacturing practices can be subjected to a maximum punishment of imprisonment for life.
However, when prosecutions are filed, the cases move at a snail’s pace in courts.
For instance, in Andhra Pradesh, of the 54 judgments in cases filed against pharma companies between 1999 and 2017, the state was able to secure convictions in only eight cases.
Poor conviction rate was due to glaring errors committed by drug inspectors including shoddy paperwork, failure to seize, record its condition of storage and label the samples properly, as also the failure to complete the testing process of samples before its expiry date.
CDSCO is perennially reeling under a shortage of drug inspectors.
A 2019 report said that while there ought to be one drug inspector for every 50 manufacturing units and 200 pharmacists, there were vacancies in most States waiting to be filled.
Karnataka was working at nearly half its sanctioned capacity for drug inspectors, while Himachal Pradesh had 27% vacant posts.

Drug Controller General of India (DCGI):

Drugs Controller General of India is the head of department of the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO).
The CDSCO is the Central Drug Authority for discharging functions assigned to the Central Government under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940.
Nodal Ministry – Ministry of Health & Family Welfare

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2023-07-06 06:24:40 #UPSC- CSE 2024

09:00 am     Polity Class (Prelims & Mains)
11:15 am     CSAT Class (Prelims)
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2023-07-06 04:57:56
The Hindu 06 July 2023 I NA | Balance Diet

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