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On this day in 1640 a Scottish Covenanter army of 20,000 unde | Patriotic Alternative Scotland

On this day in 1640 a Scottish Covenanter army of 20,000 under Alexander Leslie defeated an English force of 5,000, led by Lord Conway.

The Battle of Newburn, also known as Battle of Newburn Ford, took place during the Second Bishops' War. It was fought at Newburn, a village just outside Newcastle, situated at a ford over the River Tyne.

The only significant military action of the war, victory enabled the Scots to occupy Newcastle, which provided the bulk of London's coal supplies and allowed them to put pressure on the central government.

The Treaty of Ripon agreed on 26 October allowed the Scots to occupy large parts of northern England, and paid them daily expenses of £850, which only ended with the August 1641 Treaty of London. Funding this forced Charles to recall Parliament, a key element in the series of events that led to the First English Civil War in August 1642.