THE GROWTH OF EAST INDIA COMPANY’S TRADE AND INFLUENCE: 1600 - | UPSC Mains 2023 Materials
THE GROWTH OF EAST INDIA COMPANY’S TRADE AND INFLUENCE: 1600 -1714
TIMELINE:
1600 : The East India Company was established.
1609 : William Hawkins arrived at Jahangir’s court but failed to secure permission due to opposition by Portuguese.
1611 : Captain Middleton obtained the permission of the Mughal governor of Surat to trade there, also started trade in Masulipatnam.
1613 : A factory of East India Company was established at Surat.
1615 : The Company established its first factory in the south in Masulipatnam.
1618 : Thomas Roe succeeded in obtaining two farman confirming free trade with exemption from inland tolls and permission to establish factories at Agra, Ahmedabad and Baroach.
1632 : The Company got the golden farman from the Sultan of Golconda which ensured safety and prosperity of their trade.
1633 : The Company established its first factory in east India in Hariharpur, Balasore, Odisha
1639 : Madras was given by the Chandragiri chief to the English and soon Madras with the Fort St. George replaced Masulipatnam as the English headquarters on the east coast.
1651 : The Company was given permission to trade at Hooghly (Bengal), Kasimbazar, Patna and Rajmahal.
1662 : The British King, Charles II, was given Bombay as dowry for marrying a Portuguese princess (Catherine of Braganza)
1667 : Aurangzeb gave the English a farman for trade in Bengal
1687 : Bombay was made the headquarters by shifting the seat of the Western Presidency from Surat to Bombay.
1691 : Due to some conflict, Mughals raided Hoogly. Then Job Charnock, negotiated with Mughals for return to Sutanuti in 1691.
The Company got the imperial order to continue their trade in Bengal in lieu of payment of Rs 3,000 a year.
1700
The city of Calcutta grew from the development of three villages Sutanuti, Gobindapur and Kalikata secured from the Mughal governor of Bengal.
The fortified settlement was named Fort William (1700) and it became the seat of British power in India till 1911.
1717: The Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar issued a farman, called Magna Carta of the Company, giving the Company a large number of trade concessions in Bengal, Gujarat and Hyderabad. It included:
1. Company’s import and export were exempted from duties.
2. Permission to issue Dastaks for transportation of goods
3. Duty free trade in Hyderabad.
4. Company minted coins to act as currency throughout Mughal Empire.
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