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UPSC Current Affairs Daily

Logo of telegram channel upsc_current_affairs_mcq_2021 ā€” UPSC Current Affairs Daily U
Logo of telegram channel upsc_current_affairs_mcq_2021 ā€” UPSC Current Affairs Daily
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The latest Messages 8

2021-08-24 13:26:44 Patents

AĀ patentĀ is an exclusive rightĀ granted for an invention,Ā which is aĀ new product or processĀ thatĀ meets conditions of
novelty,
non-obviousness, &
industrial use.
AĀ patentĀ provides the owner with the right to decide how ā€“ or whether ā€“ the invention can be used by others
Criteria for issuing Patents in India
Novelty:Ā it should be new (not published earlier + no prior Public Knowledge/ Public Use in India)
Non obviousness:Ā It must involve an inventive step (technical advanced in comparison to existing knowledge + nonā€obvious to a person skilled in the relevant field of technology)
Industrial use:Ā It should be capable of Industrial application
Patents in India are governed by ā€œThe patent Act 1970ā€Ā which was amended in 2005 to make it compliant with TRIPS.
What cannot be patented
Frivolous Invention: Invention that harms public order/Morality/ health of animals, plants & humans
Methods of agriculture or horticulture
Traditional Knowledge
Computer Program
Inventions related to Atomic Energy
Plants & Animals
Mere discovery of scientific principle

Industrial Designs

An industrial design constitutes the ornamental or aesthetic aspect of an article/object.
A design may consist of three-dimensional features, such as the shape or surface of an article, or of two-dimensional features, such as patterns, lines or colors.
Industrial Designs in India are governed by ā€œThe Designs Act 2000ā€.

Copyright

CopyrightĀ is a legal term used to describe the rights that creators have over theirĀ literary & artistic works.
Works covered by copyright range from books, music, paintings, sculpture & films, toĀ computer programs, databases, advertisements, maps & technical drawings.
Copyrights in India are governed by ā€œThe Copyright Act, 1957ā€.

Trademarks

A trademark is aĀ sign capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one enterprise from those of other enterprises.
Trademarks date back to ancient times when artisans used to put their signature or ā€œmarkā€ on their products.
Trademarks in India are governed by Trade Marks Act 1999 which was amended in 2010
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2021-08-21 15:40:14 Solve all Previous Year Questions at once place.


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2021-08-21 13:00:07 #ENVIRONMENT

ā–  New species of frog in Arunachal Pradesh

A team of researchers from Delhi University (DU), along with biologists from the Wildlife Institute of India and North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, USA, have discovered a new species of cascade frog in Adi hills, Arunachal Pradesh.

The new species of Cascade Frog has been named Adi Cascade Frog (Amolops adicola) after the Adi hills, which are home to Adi tribes.

Adi tribes are an indigenous group of people from the Himalayan regions of Arunachal

ā— Key points :

The study have been published in a scientific article titled ''Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India"" in the Journal of Natural History, London.

The genus Amolops is one of the largest groups of ranid frogs (family Ranidae) with currently 73 known species that are widely distributed across Northeast and North India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Malaya Peninsula.

The study also resolved century-old taxonomic confusions surrounding the identity of another cascade frog species, Amolops monticola, which was described from the Sikkim Himalayas 150 years ago.

The new frog species was discovered while revisiting century-old Adi expedition in the year 2018.

ā— Adi tribe:

They are mainly found in Arunachal Pradesh.

Historically it is believed that they have come from southern China in the 16th century.

They speak the Tibeto-Burman language.

They reside in the far north inhabiting the East Siang and Lower Dibang Valley districts of Arunachal Pradesh.

The literal meaning of Adi is ā€œhillā€ or ā€œmountain topā€.

The tribe divides into two main divisions - the Bogum and Onai - each of which is subdivided.

They are experts at making cane and bamboo items.

Solung (harvesting festival where animal sacrifices and rituals are performed) and Aran (a hunting festival where all the male members of the family go for hunting) are two major festivals of the Adi tribes.

SOURCE - THE HINDU
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2021-08-21 12:59:56
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2021-08-21 12:59:45 National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR)

It is aĀ nodal organisation for management of plant genetic resourcesĀ in India and functions under the control ofĀ Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).
It isĀ conserving seed germplasmĀ for long-term conservation (at -20Ā°C) in itsĀ National Genebank (NGB).
ItĀ plans, organizes, conducts and coordinates exploration and collectionĀ of indigenous and exoticĀ plant genetic resources.
Ā It isĀ headquartered in New DelhiĀ and has 10 regional stations.

Plant Genetic Resources

They are theĀ biological basis of food securityĀ and, directly or indirectly, support the livelihoods of every person on Earth.
They have been defined as theĀ genetic material of plants, which is of value as a resource for present and future generations of people.
They are anyĀ plant materials, such as seeds, fruits, cuttings, pollen, and other organs and tissuesĀ from which plants can be grown.
They have anĀ important role to play to ensure food security.
Ā They have been the foundation for the development of agriculture ever since it started 10,000 years ago.


Indian Council of Agricultural Research

It is an autonomous organisation under theĀ Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
It was established onĀ 16 July 1929Ā and was formerly known asĀ Imperial Council of Agricultural Research.
It is headquartered atĀ New Delhi.
It is the apex body for coordinating, guiding and managing research and education in agriculture including horticulture, fisheries and animal sciences in the entire country.
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2021-08-21 10:48:44
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2021-08-21 10:48:30 The Siachen glacier demarcates central Asia from the Indian subcontinent, and separates Pakistan from China in the region.
Due to its control over Saltoro Ridge, India is better placed to strike a bargain while settling bilateral territorial disputes with Pakistan in the future.
The lowest temperature to be reported for Siachen was minus 57 degree Celsius.

SOURCE: PIB

Ā 
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2021-08-21 10:48:30 Union Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment Dr. Virendra Kumar flags off ā€˜Operation Blue Freedomā€™ to create a World Record at Siachen Glacier

Trained by a team of Armed Forces veterans, a team of people with disabilities undertakes an expedition till Kumar Post
Largest team of people with disabilities to reach the worldā€™s highest battlefield in Siachen
Operation Blue Freedomā€™ brings India on the global stage as a leader in empowering Divyangjan
Team of people with disabilities from across the country undertook an expedition till Siachen Glacier to create a new World Record for the largest team of people with disabilities to reach the worldā€™s highest battlefield.

Siachen Glacier

Located in the Karakoram range in the Himalayas.
The Siachen Glacier is theĀ longest glacier in the Karakoram rangeĀ and the second longest in the world outside of polar regions.
The Siachen GlacierĀ lies in that part of Karakoram which is referred to as the ā€œThird Poleā€Ā of the world. It gets this name because Siachen Glacier lies south of the great drainage divide that separates the Eurasian Plate from the Indian subcontinent.
Including all tributary glaciers, the Siachen Glacier system covers about 700 km2 .
The region isĀ home to rare species includingĀ snow leopard, brown bear and ibex that are at risk because of the military presence in the region.
At the height of 6000 ft, theĀ Siachen Glacier is the worldā€™s highest battleground.
Dispute over the Siachen Glacier has played a crucial role in the relation between the two countries Pakistan and India
Both have claimed total sovereignty over the entire Siachen region.
In the 190s and the early 1980s, the United States and the Pakistanā€™s governments, beingĀ Cold WarĀ allies at the time, showed incorrect maps of the Siachen Glacier with point NJ9842 having a dotted line all the way to the Karakoram Pass.
As far as India was concerned this was a cartographic error and a violation of the 1972 Shimla Agreement which stipulated that neither India nor Pakistan would take unilateral steps to change the representation of the Line of Control without consultation.
In 1984Ā Operation MeghdootĀ was launched by India.
It resulted in India gaining complete control over all of Siachen Glacier and included its tributaries.
It pre-empted Pakistanā€™s own military move ā€“ Operation Ababeel by a day to occupy the dominating heights on Saltoro Ridge located at the west of Siachen Glacier.
The harsh conditions in the Siachen Glacier have led to loss of life on both Indian and Pakistani sides.
Frostbites, avalanches and frequent winter storms kill more troops than bullets. Despite the harsh conditions, India and Pakistan continue to deploy troops to Siachen.
Attempts to demilitarize the region have proven to be unsuccessful so far.
Present heads of state of India like Prime Minister of India, President of Pakistan have visited Siachen Glacier from time to time.
Erstwhile President of India, APJ Abdul Kalam (born onĀ October 15 1931) was the first head of state to visit from either country to visit the region.
Since September 2007, India has opened up limited mountaineering and trekking expeditions to the area.
The first group included cadets from Chail Military School, National Defence Academy, National Cadet Corps, Indian Military Academy, Rashtriya Indian Military College and family members of armed forces officers.
The Indian Army is planning a cleanup campaign called ā€˜Green Siachen, Clean Siachenā€™ to clear the region of biodegradable wastes with the use of biodigesters in the absence of oxygen and freezing temperatures.
At least 40% of the wastes left at the glacier is of plastic and metal (The metals like cobalt, cadmium and chromium.)
This is dangerous as the Indus River being in close proximity to the Siachen Glacier, the metals will find their way into the water of its tributaries such as the Shyok River and can poison the entire water supply.
1.2K views07:48
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2021-08-21 10:48:30 PRESIDENT CONFERS VAYU SENA MEDAL (GALLANTRY) ON SQN LDR DEEPAK MOHANAN (30223) FLYING (PILOT)

Vayu Sena Medal

TheĀ Vayu Sena MedalĀ is aĀ military decoration, usually awarded in peacetime for a job well done in theĀ Indian Air Force.
Been granted during times of conflict for acts of gallantry in the face of enemy, though not in the same numbers as theĀ Vir Chakra.
Established on 17 June 1960 by theĀ President of IndiaĀ and awards have been made from 1961 onwards.
Presented by Indian Air Force
Eligibility All ranks of the Air Force
Awards over the past decade or more have been classified into two categories
Ā Vayu SenaĀ Medal (Gallantry) and
Ā Vayu SenaĀ Medal (Devotion to Duty).
Next higher Yudh Seva Medal
EquivalentNausena Medal Sena Medal
NextĀ (lower)Vishisht Seva Medal

Awarded forAwarded for such individual acts of exceptional devotion to duty or courage as have special significance for the Air Force.

SOURCE: PIB
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2021-08-21 09:00:02
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