Curiosity Tea

2021-02-05 10:34:02 ​​Are identical twins 100% genetically identical?

It is true that identical twins share their DNA code with each other. This is because identical twins were formed from the exact same sperm and egg from their father and mother. (In contrast, fraternal twins are formed from two different sperm and two different eggs.) Usually, the egg and sperm come together and create an embryo, which eventually grows into a human baby. However, in the case of identical twins, early in development, this embryo divides into two. This creates two babies rather than one.

While the two babies share the same DNA code, there is more to our genetics than just that. During development in the womb and after birth, our surroundings, exposures, and nutrition influence how our genes are expressed and how our bodies and minds develop. For example, two identical twins may have the same genes for height, but if one twin does not receive the same amount of nutrients while in the womb, it may be shorter than the other twin. We know also, that there are some changes to our genes that can happen during the embryonic period or during development. While this rarely happens, it makes it so that one identical twin may have a genetic condition, while the other twin does not. Our genetic code is a very large part of our genetic makeup, but there are other factors, genetic and environmental, that make us unique! Open / Comment

2021-02-02 12:17:18 ​​Can Lightening occur in Space?

Depends on what you mean by "lightning". Yes, because charge can flow across vacuum, but No,because you won't see anything.

Lightning is a sudden electrostatic discharge between regions of differing electric potential. It has been observed on Venus, Jupiter and Saturn, as well as Earth. In space, there is little material to act as a conductor of charge, so traditional lightning is probably rare. Processes similar to lightning have been observed in electro-magnetic fields around black holes, as well as in highly ionised clouds of gas and dust called Nebulae.

The visual effect that you see in the sky is actually a luminescent plasma that is left in the wake of the charge moving through the atmosphere. No atmosphere, no plasma, no light. Open / Comment

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2021-02-01 06:32:01 ​​What is a Dream and Why do we Dream?

A dream includes the images, thoughts, and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can range from extraordinarily intense or emotional to very vague, fleeting, confusing, or even boring. Some dreams are joyful, while others are frightening or sad. Sometimes dreams seem to have a clear narrative, while many others appear to make no sense at all.

Many suggest that we dream due to a combination of these and other reasons rather than adhering to a singular theory. Additionally, while many researchers believe that dreaming is essential to mental, emotional, and physical well-being, some scientists suggest that dreams serve no real purpose at all. Despite scientific inquiry into the function of dreams, we still don't have a solid answer for why we do it. But, while much remains uncertain about dreaming, many experts have developed theories on the purpose of dreams and new empirical research is providing greater clarity.

Some of the more prominent dream theories contend that the function of dreaming is to consolidate memories, process emotions, express our deepest desires, and gain practice confronting potential dangers. Open / Comment

2021-01-29 06:05:38 ​​Do all Bats use Ultrasound?

All of the Mouse-sized micro Bats use ultrasound calls for echolocation but fruitbats and flying foxes (megabats) have lost this ability. Although we can’t hear it, echolocation requires bats to scream at 130 decibels! That takes a lot of energy but the micro Bats are able to harness some of the muscular efforts from their wingbeats to generate the air pressures needed for their ultrasound calls. mega Bats flap their wings too slowly for this to work and considering that flying is already more tiring for them because they are heavier, it makes echolocation too exhausting to be worth it. Open / Comment

2021-01-28 04:50:18 ​​How do Painkillers cure Headaches?

Different painkillers cure headaches in different ways. There are two key types of painkillers that are most commonly used. The first type of painkillers are Aspirin medicines includes ibuprofen and paracetamol, which blocks the body's prostaglandins (the chemical that produces swelling and pain), reducing swelling in the area and therefore reducing the intensity of pain. These aspirin medicines are used frequently for mild to moderate headaches as they can only work up to a certain intensity of pain. The second type of painkillers are narcotic medicines includes morphine and codeine, which blocks the path of pain messages in the spinal cord and brain. These narcotic medicines are used for more severe pain. As both types of painkillers use different methods to treat pain, they can be combined, such as in codamol, which blends codeine and paracetamol. Open / Comment

2021-01-25 08:37:05 ​How do motorcyclists ride a wall of death?

The Wall of Death, also known as the motordrome is a large vertical barrel-shaped cylinder, usually made out of wood. Motorcyclists perform stunts while riding on the vertical wall. The Wall of Death is a popular travelling carnival act dating from the early-20th century, but there are just a few left today. The motorcyclist starts at the bottom with the crowd looking down into the drum. After ascending a ramp to gain speed, they then begin circling the vertical wall, held in place by centripetal force. There are three forces working on the motorcyclist: gravity, the wall and friction. The motorcyclist must maintain a constant speed to keep the vehicle’s direction of motion constantly changing. They must also lean up at an angle (with respect to the wall) while riding to keep the bike’s torque at zero. This impressive feat occasionally results in accidents if the rider gets too close to the top of the wall or fails to maintain the speed or angle necessary to stay up. British motorcycle racer and engineer Guy Martin smashed the Guinness World Records title for the Highest speed on a Wall of Death, travelling at a perilous 125.77 km/h! Open / Comment

2021-01-23 05:41:26 ​Why do we Yawn?

Until recently, the most possible explanation was that yawning increased the supply of oxygen to the brain. However, there is mounting scientific evidence to suggest that yawning has more to do with temperature than oxygen. As brain temperature rises, concentration and memory suffer, and a number of tests in humans and animals have shown that yawning is linked to heat, and increases when our brains are getting too warm. By taking a deep breath of cool air, brain temperature drops back down, increasing alertness.
Contagious yawning is triggered involuntarily when we observe another person yawn and a propensity for contagious yawning is found in chimpanzees, cats and dogs too. Experts have published research that suggests the human propensity for contagious yawning is triggered automatically by primitive reflexes in the primary motor cortex (an area of the brain responsible for motor function) Open / Comment

2021-01-21 14:17:48 ​​How does Automatic Display Brightness control work in devices like smartphones?

The device may automatically control the display brightness using different methods. In one embodiment, the device may measure the ambient light (lux) using a front-facing ambient-light sensor (ALS) and a rear-facing ALS. In one embodiment, in addition to the front-facing and rear-facing ALSs and/or front and rear cameras, the device may utilize edge ALSs. In one embodiment, in addition to the front-facing and the rear-facing ALSs, the device may use a combination of other sensors, such as proximity sensors, a radar-based sensor, or accelerometers to determine the orientation of the device (e.g., laying on a flat surface) and ignore measurements from one of the ALSs. In one embodiment, in addition to ALSs and/or other sensors, the device may also use the context in which the user is using the device, such as what application software the user is currently using. In one embodiment, the device may use an advanced sensor-fusion algorithm that takes raw red, green, and blue (RGB) data from the front and rear cameras, combines them with the device’s orientation, estimates the level of ambient lux, and automatically controls the display brightness without using ALSs. Open / Comment

2021-01-19 04:42:42 ​​Why do Wheels sometimes appear to spin backwards?

You've seen this optical illusion in movies but it happens when you're watching in person too. It's a familiar scene to most anyone with a television: The wheels of a forward-moving vehicle will appear at first to spin in one direction. The car puts on some speed and, as you would expect, its wheels rotate faster. But then, the something goes screwy. At a certain point, the spin of the wheels appears to slow, slow, slow. Then, ever so briefly, it stops. When it resumes, the spin is in the opposite direction. By appearance, the car should be moving backward and yet, forward it rolls.

This phenomenon is known as the "wagon-wheel" effect. If, like most people, you're accustomed to seeing the wagon-wheel effect in movies or TV, its explanation is fairly straightforward: Cameras record footage not continuously, but by capturing a series of images in quick succession, at a specified "frame rate." With many movie cameras, that rate is 24 frames per second. When the frequency of a wheel's spin matches the frame rate of the camera recording it (say, 24 revolutions per second), each of the wheel's spokes completes a full revolution every 1/24 seconds, such that it ends up in the same position every time the camera captures a frame.

The wagon wheel effect, as seen on film and television, is easily explained. Less clear, however, is why people experience the wagon-wheel effect not through a screen or by virtue of strobe lighting, but out in the real world, under constant lighting conditions. There are presently two competing hypotheses that account for this effect. Open / Comment