2021-10-26 14:01:27
What is learning disabilities ?
A learning disability is a neurological condition which affects the brain's ability to send, receive, and process information. A child with a learning disability may have difficulties in reading, writing, speaking, listening, understanding mathematical concepts, and with general comprehension. Learning disabilities include a group of disorders such as dyslexia, dyspraxia, dyscalculia and dysgraphia. Each type of disorder may coexist with another.
What Is Dyscalculia?
It's not unusual for a child to have a tough time with math homework now and then. But if they have problems with numbers or low math test scores yet does well in other subjects, they could have a math learning disability called dyscalculia.
It's a brain-related condition that makes basic arithmetic hard to learn. It may run in families, but scientists haven't found any genes related to it.
What causes learning disabilities?
Heredity: It is observed that a child, whose parents have had a learning disability, is likely to develop the same disorder.
Illness during and after birth: An illness or injury during or after birth may cause learning disabilities. Other possible factors could be drug or alcohol consumption during pregnancy, physical trauma, poor growth in the uterus, low birth weight, and premature or prolonged labor.
Stress during infancy: A stressful incident after birth such as high fever, head injury, or poor nutrition.
Environment: Increased exposure to toxins such as lead (in paint, ceramics, toys, etc.)
Comorbidity: Children with learning disabilities are at a higher-than-average risk for attention problems or disruptive behavior disorders. Up to 25 percent of children with reading disorder also have ADHD. Conversely, it is estimated that between 15 and 30 percent of children diagnosed with ADHD have a learning disorder.
Behaviorism: reinforcement for wrong strategies One possible approach comes from the behaviorist theory. Maybe Children was rewarded so much for one behaviour that they begin to overgeneralize it
Example :- Look at the following addition
42 + 59 = 911
23 + 54 = 77
Maybe she was rewarded so much for adding single-digit numbers (4 + 5, 2 + 5, etc.) correctly that she generalized this skill to two-digit problems—in fact over generalized it.
Constructivism, mentoring, and the zone of proximal development Perhaps Child has in fact learned how to carry digits forward, but not learned the procedure well enough to use it reliably on her own; so she constantly falls back on the earlier, better-learned strategy of single-digit addition. In that case her problem can be seen in the constructivist terms.
In essence, Irma has lacked appropriate mentoring from someone more expert than herself, someone who can create a “zone of proximal development” in which she can display and consolidate her skills more successfully. She still needs mentoring or “assisted coaching” more than independent practice.
What are the intervention and support options for learning disabilities?
Parents and teachers are the first persons to notice that the child is finding it difficult to read, write or learn.
Extra help: A reading specialist or other trained professional can teach your child techniques to improve his or her academic skills. Tutors can also teach children organizational and study skills.
Individualized Education Program (IEP): Your child's school or a special educator might develop an IEP that will describe how a child can best learn in school.
Therapy: Depending on the learning disorder, some children might benefit from therapy. For example, speech therapy can help children who have language disabilities. Occupational therapy might help improve the motor skills of a child who has writing problems.
Complimentary/alternative therapy: Research shows that alternative therapies like music, art, dance can benefit children with learning disabilities.
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