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2022-04-22 07:11:35 Alvars and Nayanars Of Tamil Nadu

• Some of the earliest Bhakti movements(c. 6th Century) were led by Alvars and Nayanars.

• Alvars - Devotees of Vishnu

• Nayanars- Devotees of Shiva

• They travelled from place to place singing hymns in Tamil in praise of their gods.

• Some historians suggest that Alvars and Nayanars initiated a movement of protest against the caste system and the dominance of Brahmanas.

• Bhaktas hailed from diverse social background ranging from Brahmanas to artisans and cultivators and even untouchables.

• NALAYIRA DIVYAPRBANDHAM- Described as Veda of Tamil, one of the Major anthologies of composition by the Alvars.

• Main feature of these tradition was presence of Women.

• Andal - a woman Alvar

• Karaikkal Ammaiyar - a woman Nayanar(devotee of Shiva)

• Collection of poems of Appar, Sambandar and Sundarar (Nayanar saints) form -The Tevaram.

• Both Alvars and Nayanars revered by the Vellala peasants

• Opposed to Buddhism and Jainism

• Chola king Parantaka 1 had consecrated metal images of Appar, Sambandar and Sundarar in a Shiva Temple and these were carried in processions during the festivals of these saints.


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2022-04-19 11:30:18 CYCLONES

• Pressure condition at Centre - Low

• Anticlockwise in northern hemisphere & Clockwise in Southern hemisphere.

• Associated with intense weather condition with heavy rains and strong winds

ANTICYCLONES

•Pressure condition at centre - High
• Clockwise in Northern hemisphere and anticlockwise in southern hemisphere.
• Associated with Calm weather condition.

REGIONAL NAMES OF TROPICAL CYCLONES

• Cyclones - Indian Ocean
• Hurricanes - Atlantic Ocean(Carrebean sea)

• Typhoons - Western Pacific ocean & South China Sea.

• Willy-Willies - Western Australia

FVOURABLE CONDITIONS FOR TROPICAL CYCLONES

a) Large sea surface with temperature higher than 27°.
b) Presence of coriolis force.

c) Small variation in vertical wind speed.

d) A pre existing weak low pressure area or low level cyclonic circulation.

e) Upper divergence above the sea level


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