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2021-05-14 06:27:58 Chemical and Ionic Equilibrium


Equilibrium

Equilibrium is the state of a process in which the properties like temperature, pressure, and concentration etc of the system do not show any change with passage of time.

In all processes which attain equilibrium, two opposing processes are involved.
Equilibrium is attained when the rates of the two opposing processes become equal.
If the opposing processes involve only physical changes, the equilibrium is called Physical Equilibrium.
If the opposing processes are chemical reactions, the equilibrium is called Chemical Equilibrium.

Physical Equilibrium

Solid – liquid Equilibrium: H2O(s) = H2O(l)
Liquid – Gas Equilibrium: H2O(l) = H2O(g)
Solid – Solution Equilibrium: Salt(Solid) = Salt(in solution)
Gas –Solution equilibrium: CO2(g) = CO2(in solution)

Equilibrium in Chemical Process
Reversible reaction:

A reaction in which not only the reactants react to form the products under certain conditions but also the products react to form reactants under the same conditions

Examples:

3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) \rightleftharpoons Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)

Irreversible reaction:

A reaction cannot take place in the reverse direction, i.e. the products formed do not react to give back the reactants under the same condition.

Example:

AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(g)


Characteristics of Equilibrium State

It can be attained only if the reversible reaction is carried out in closed vessel.

It can be attained from either side of the reaction.

A catalyst can hasten the approach of equilibrium but does not alter the state of equilibrium.

It is dynamic in nature i.e. reaction does not stop but both forward and backward reactions take place at equal rate.

Change of pressure, concentration or temperature favours one of the reactions (forward or backward) resulting in shift of equilibrium point in one direction.

Law of Mass Action & Equilibrium Constant

“The rate at which a substance reacts is directly proportional to its active mass and rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to product of active masses of reactants each raised to a power equal to corresponding stoichiometric coefficient appearing in the balanced chemical equation”.

For reaction aA + bB \rightleftharpoons cC + dD

Rate of reaction ∝ Aa.Bb

or rate of reaction = KAaBb

where K is rate constant or velocity constant of the reaction at that temperature.

Unit of rate constant (K)
K = \frac{Rate\ of\ reaction}{A^aB^b}=\frac{molL^-^1 s^-^1}{(molL^1^)^a^+^b } = (molL^-^1)^1\ ^t^o\ ^n\ s^-^1

Ionic Product:

a) Product of ionic concentration due to ions already present in water or from a salt.

b) I.P. may be and may not be equal to Ksp.

c) If ionic Product (IP) > Ksp ; precipitation takes place till I.P. equals Ksp

d) If Ionic Product < Ksp ; a precipitate will not be formed and the solution will be unsaturated.

e) If Ionic Product = Ksp ; a precipitate will not form an the solution is satuated in that salt.

#Point_to_remember

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2021-05-13 15:45:29 ISOMERISM HANDWRITTEN NOTES

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𝐉𝐎𝐈𝐍

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2021-05-13 14:11:01 [PDF] ECOLOGY HANDWRITTEN NOTES FOR NEET & OTHER MEDICAL ENTRANCE EXAMS

https://neetjeemedia.in/2021/02/04/ecology-handwritten-notes-for-neet-aspirants/


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2021-05-13 08:59:26 HYDROGEN HANDWRITTEN NOTES

PART - 1

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2021-05-12 09:16:57 Important SCIENCE (CHEMISTRY )

. Gases used in welding are ?
– Acetylene & Oxygen

Gases used by sea divers for breathing are ?
– Oxygen & Helium

. Best sources for Vitamin D are?
– Sunlight & Fish liver

Zinc Phosphide is used as?
– Rat Poison

. Fuse wire is made up of
– Lead and Tin

Purest form of Iron is?
– Wrought Iron

Radium is extracted from .
– Pitchblende

Which agent is as ‘seed’ in artificial rain?
– Silver Iodide

. Oxides of metals are .
– Alkaline

During the process of ‘rusting’ , the weight of iron .
–Increases

(metal) is liquid at room temperature.
– Mercury

What is the formula of common salt
– NaCl

. What is the maximum number of electrons that a p-orbital can hold
– 6

. What is used in fire extinguisher
– Sodium bicarbonate

What is the nature of metal oxides
– Basic

. Which gas burns with popping sound
– Hydrogen

Which metal is used for galvanization
– Zinc

. What is the nature of bleaching powder
– Oxidising agent

Which is stored in Kerosene
– Sodium

Phenolphthalein gives which color in acidic medium
– Colorless

Which gas is used in cigarette lighters?
– Butane

. Biogas chiefly contains .
– Methane

. Chemical used as fixer in Photography is .
– Sodium thiosulphate

Aspirin is
– Acetyl Salicylic Acid

is also known as ‘Stranger Gas.’
– Xenon

Natural rubber is a polymer derived from .
– Isoprene Open / Comment

2021-05-12 07:49:08 Open / Comment

2021-05-11 17:18:14 IMPORTANT DATES TO REMEMBER


January:-
30- National antileprosy day.


Feb:-
4- world Cancer Day,
28- National science day

March:-
3- world wildlife day,
8- international women's Day,
2nd Thursday of march- world kidney day,
20- world sparrow day,
21- world forestry day,
22- world water Day,
24- world TB day

April:-
7- world health day,
17- world haemophilia day,
22- earth Day,
25- world malaria day,
last Saturday- veterinary day

May:-
1- labour day,
3- asthma day,
8- red cross day,
9- thalassemia day,
2nd sunday- mother's Day,
12- hypertension day,
19- hepatitis day,
22- international biodiversity day,
25- thyroid day,
31- No tobacco day

June:-
5- Environment day,
14- blood donors day,
3rd sunday- father's Day,
21- yoga day,
26- international day against drug abuse and illicit trafficking

July:-
1- Doctors day(India),
11- population day,
29- international Tiger day

Aug:-
1to7- world breastfeeding week,
12-elephant/youth day,
20- malaria day,
29- mosquito day/national sports day

Sept:-
1to7- National nutrition week,
5- world spinal chord injury day,
16- ozone day,
21- Alzheimer's day,
last Sunday- world heart day,
28- rabies day

Oct:-
1st monday- universal children day,
1- national voluntarily blood donation day/world senior citizens day,
3- world habitat day,
4- world animal welfare day,
10- mental health day,
2nd Thursday- world sight day,
16- world food Day,
21- global I2 deficiency day

Nov:-
1- world ecology day,
7- world Cancer awareness Day,
14- diabetes day,
17- epilepsy day,
21- fisheries day

Dec:-
1-AIDS day,
2- National pollution prevention in India to mark the Bhopal gas tragedy,
5- soil day,
10- human rights day,
14- nat energy conservation day,
23- kisan farmers day Open / Comment

2021-05-11 09:21:13 REDOX REACTIONS NOTES


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𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐍𝐓
𝐉𝐎𝐈𝐍

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2021-05-10 18:37:51 LOGIC GATES NOTES


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𝐉𝐎𝐈𝐍

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