What were the first modern robots?
In 1948 the British robotics pioneer, William Grey Walter (1910-1977) invented robots Elmer and Elsie that could mimic life-like behavior using elementary electronics. They were tortoise robots programmed to find their charging stations once they started running low on power.
In 1954, an American inventor George Devol (1912-2011) created the first digitally operated and programmable robot called the Unimate. In 1961, the first industrial Unimate went into operation in a General Motors automobile factory in New Jersey.
In 1958 at the Stanford Research Institute, Charles Rosen (1917-2002) led a research team in developing a robot called "Shakey". It was far more advanced than the original Unimate and could wheel around the room, observe the scene with his television "eyes," move across unfamiliar surroundings, and to a certain degree respond to his environment. He was given his name because of his wobbly and clattering movements.
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