What is the Hindu calendar?
The Hindu calendar, also called Panchanga, was developed in ancient times on the Indian subcontinent. The earliest mentions of Hindu time reckoning can be found in the Vedas, a body of sacred texts of Hinduism, some of which date back to around 1200 BCE.
It offers a multi-dimensional method of structuring time, combining information about lunar and solar days/months, the movements of the Sun and the Moon in relation to stellar constellations, and other astronomically defined time spans.
In fact, there is not one single Hindu calendar, and there are many regional variations of it.
The Saka Samvat is used officially in India since 1957 and by Hindus in Java and Bali. It starts from 78 AD and is based on the tropical zodiac signs rather than the sidereal year - the time it takes Earth to orbit the Sun.
The Vikram Samvat is used in Nepal and some Indian states, starts from 57 BC and uses lunar months and the sidereal year.
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