What are the characteristics of the different types of volcano | Ask Me

What are the characteristics of the different types of volcanoes?

These are the characteristics of types of volcanoes based on the nature of their eruption and the kind of lava they release
Shield Volcano
Shield volcanoes are huge, gently sloped volcanoes that almost exclusively erupts basaltic lava and include some of the largest volcanoes in the world. The eruptions are not explosive; the lava oozes out from the central vent or a group of vents and spreads far, building a dome shape profile like a warrior’s shield. They can be as high as 9000 meters from the base.
Lava Type: Less viscous, quite fluid basaltic lava.
Examples: The volcanoes in the the island of Hawai’i, including Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea, the world’s largest active volcanoes, rising over 9 km above the sea floor.

Stratovolcano
Also referred to as composite cone volcanoes, it is more cone-shaped than a shield volcano and includes some of the world’s grandest mountains. It is a tall conical mountain composed of an alternating layer of lava-flow, which justifies the name composite volcano. It can have a cluster of vents, with lava breaking through walls or issuing from fissures on the sides of the mountain. The eruptions are extremely explosive and dangerous. Pressure builds in the magma chamber as gases under immense heat and pressure are dissolved within the magma. When the magma reaches the vents, the pressure is released, and the gases explode violently. These can be up to 100 to 3500 meters high.
Lava Type: Highly viscous rhyolitic lava that hardens before it can spread far (high content of silica and low iron and magnesium contents)
Examples: Mount Fuji in Japan, Cotopaxi in Ecuador, Mount Vesuvius in Italy, Mount Pinatubo and Mayon in the Philippines, Volcan de Colima in Mexico, Eyjafjallajokull in Iceland, Popocatepetl in Mexico, Arenal Volcano in Costa Rica.

Cinder Cone Volcano
Cinder Cone has a characteristic cone shape. It forms when volcanic cinder, blobs of congealed lava of basaltic composition, come out from a single vent. It has explosive eruptions caused by gas rapidly expanding and escaping from the molten lava that comes out like a fountain. The lava cools quickly and falls as cinders that build up around the vent forming a cone shape, leaving a crater at the summit. These volcanoes can be as high as 100 to 400 meters.
Lava Type: Less viscous, quite fluid basaltic lava (enriched in iron and magnesium and depleted in silica)
Examples: Cerro Negro in Nicaragua (Central America) and Parícutin in Mexico, the youngest volcano on Earth, which first developed in 1943.

Lava Dome
These are relatively small, circular mounds formed as the lava is too viscous to flow, which makes it piles over and around the vents. As the lava oozes out, its outer surface cools and hardens, then shatters, spilling loose fragments down its side. Lava domes are found within the crater or on the sides of large composite volcanoes. Their height depends on the size of the composite volcanoes they appear around.
Lava Type: Highly viscous, less fluid rhyolitic lava
Examples: Mount Merapi lava dome in Indonesia, the Soufrière Hills volcano, on the Caribbean island of Montserrat.

These are the characteristics of types of volcanoes based on their frequency of eruption.
Active Volcanoes
Those that have erupted in the last 10,000 years and are expected to erupt again at any time.
Examples: Mount Etna in Italy and Mauna Loa in Hawaii.

Dormant Volcanoes
Those that have not erupted in the last 10,000 years, but are likely to erupt after remaining inactive for a long period.
Examples: Mt. Kilimanjaro in Africa and Mt. Fuji in Japan.

Extinct Volcanoes
Those that were active in the past, but have not erupted in the last 10,000 years and are not likely to erupt in the present or the future.
Examples: Mt. Kenya in Africa and Mt. Aconcagua in South America.

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