Basic Electronics

2021-08-05 12:22:19 Decibels
Unit is Bel, but because this is large, deci-Bels (1/10th Bel) are used), Symbol is dB.

Decibels are used in audio because they are a logarithmic measure of voltage, current or power, and correspond well to the response of the ear.

A 3dB change is half or double the power (0.707 or 1.414 times voltage or current respectively).
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2021-07-10 09:53:01 What is wireless charging?

Wireless charging is a technology that charges devices without using connectors or metal contacts.

This is also referred to as non-contact charging, non-contact power transmission, and wireless power supply.

Wireless charging technology is attracting increased attention by eliminating the need for power cords when charging.

This is expected to increase connector safety and resistance to dust and water while enabling multiple devices to be charged using a single charger.

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2021-07-09 09:40:59 What is a laser diode?

The LASER in Laser Diode is an acronym for 'Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation'. It is also referred to as a semiconductor laser and generally abbreviated as LD.

Its main feature is high coherency, making it possible to emit light with the same phase and wavelength.

Laser oscillation is achieved by amplifying light generated through current injection between two mirrors. Simply put, a laser diode is an LED that amplifies and emits light using reflectors.

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2021-06-22 09:30:02 Designed to accurately produce the required output waveform with the addition of just a few extra timing components.

One such device that has been around since the early days of IC’s and has itself become something of an industry “standard” is the 555 Timer Oscillator which is more commonly called the “555 Timer”.

The basic 555 timer gets its name from the fact that there are three internally connected 5kΩ resistors which it uses to generate the two comparators reference voltages. The 555 timer IC is a very cheap, popular and useful precision timing device which can act as either a simple timer to generate single pulses or long time delays, or as a relaxation oscillator producing a string of stabilised waveforms of varying duty cycles from 50 to 100%.

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2021-06-15 17:33:26 What is a Schmitt Trigger?

A Schmitt trigger is a comparator (not exclusively) circuit that makes use of positive feedback (small changes in the input lead to large changes in the output in the same phase) to implement hysteresis (a fancy word for delayed action) and is used to remove noise from an analog signal while converting it to a digital one.

It was invented way back in 1937 by Otto H. Schmitt (whose legacy is somewhat understated) who called it a ‘thermionic trigger’.

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2021-04-30 06:30:01 Non-Inverting Op-Amp


In this configuration of Op-amp the input signal is directly fed to the non inverting terminal resulting in a positive gain and output voltage in phase with input as compared to inverting Op-amp where the gain is negative and output voltage is out of phase with input , and to stabalize the circuit a negative feedback is applied through a resistor(Rf) and the inverting terminal is grounded witha input resistor(R2).

This inverting Op-Amp like layout the at inverting terminal creates a virtual ground at the summing point make the Rf and R2 a potential divider accross inverting terminal, Hence determines the gain of the circuit.

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2021-04-29 06:30:01 Inverting Op-Amp

The open loop gain(Ao) of the Om-Apm is very high which makes it very unstable, so to make it stable with a controlable gain, a feed back is applied through some external resistor(Rf) from its output to inverting input terminal(i.e.,also known as negative feedback) resulting in reduced gain(closed loop gain, Av).

So the voltage at inverting terminal is now the sum of the actual input and feedback voltages, and to separate both a input resistor(Ri) is introduced in the circuit. The non inverting terminal of the opamp is grounded, and the inverting terminal behaves like a virtual ground as the junction of the input and feedback signal are at the same potential.

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2021-04-28 06:35:49 Op-Amp(Operational Amplifier)



Operational Amplifier commonly known as Op-Amp, is a linear elcectronic device having three terminals, two high impedence input and one output terminal



Op-Amp can perform multiple function when attached to diffrent feedback combinations like resistive,
capacitive or both.

Generally it is used as voltage amplifier and the output voltage of the Op-Amp is the diffrence between the voltages at its two input terminals.


Op-Amp shows some properties that make it an ideal amplifier,
its open loop gain and input impedance is infinite (i.e.,practically very high), Output impedance and offset voltage is zero(i.e.,practically very low) and bandwidth is infinite(i.e.,practically limitted to frequency where its gain become unity).

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2021-04-15 10:13:14 Rectification


A rectifier is a device that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), a process known as rectification. Rectifiers are essentially of two types – a half wave rectifier and a full wave rectifier.

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2021-04-12 09:08:46 Structure of Bipolar Junction Transistor

A bipolar junction transistor, BJT, is a single piece of silicon with two back-to-back P-N junctions.BJTs can be made either as PNP or as NPN.

They have three regions and three terminals, emitter, base, and collector represented by E, B, and C respectively. The direction of the arrow indicates the direction of the current in the emitter when the transistor is conducting normally. An easy way to remember this is NPN stands for "Not Pointing iN".

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