Important Points of The Chapter “Biological Classification” A | .

Important Points of The Chapter “Biological Classification”

Aristotle was the earliest to attempt a more scientific basis for classification. He used simple morphological characters to classify plants into trees, shrubs and herbs.

R.H. Whittaker (1960) proposed a Five Kingdom Classification.

Three Kingdom of classification: Haeckel (Added new kingdom Protista)

Four Kingdom Classification: Copeland (Added Monera)

Eubacteria: Fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialised cells called heterocysts, e.g., Nostoc and Anabaena.

Heterotrophic bacteria: Most abundant in nature. The majority are important decomposer.

Plamids are extra chromosomomal, small circular double stranded DNA molecules.

Episomes: When plasmids are integrating into the bacterial DNA chromosomes.

Mycoplasma: Joker of plant Kingdom
- Completely lack a cell wall
- Smallest living cells known
- Survive without oxygen

KINGDOM FUNGI
• White spots seen on mustard leaves are due to a parasitic fungus.
• Generally filamentous, except yeast (unicellular).
• The network of hyphae is knowm as mycelium.
• Cell walls: Chitin + Polysaccharides
• Lichens: Symbiotic association of fungi with roots
• Mycorrhiza: Symbiotic association of fungi with roots of higher plans (Pinus).
• VAM (Vascular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza) is an example of endomycorriza.