Genetic Terminology ✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓ Allele An alternative | CBSE OFFIClAL

Genetic Terminology
✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓

Allele An alternative form of a gene

morph A silent gene

Angelman syndrome a rare genetically inherited form of mental retardation

Autosome Synonymous with somatic chromosomes

Chimera An exceptionally rare person composed of the cells derived from different zygotes

Chromosome Rod-shaped or thread-like structures located within the cell nucleus that carry genes encoded by DNA

Cloned gene A recombinant DNA molecule along with the gene of interest

Consanguinity Having a common ancestor, i.e., blood relations

Crossing over The exchange of genetic material between a pair of homologous chromosomes

Cross-pollination Mating of two genetically different plants (but of the same species).

Dizygotic twins Twins produced from two separate ova, which are separately fertilized

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Composed of nucleic acids, DNA encodes the genes that facilitate genetic information to be passed to offspring.

Evolution Genetic change in a population of organisms over period of time

Gamete A reproductive sex cell (i.e. ovum or sperm)

Gene Units of inheritance typically occurring at specific locations (a chromosome)

Gene Pool All of the genes in all of the individuals in a breeding population

Gene Flow The transference of genes from one population to another

Genetic Drift Evolution, or change in gene pool frequencies, resulting from a random chance

Genetics Study of gene structure, action, and the patterns of inheritance of traits from parent to offspring

Genome The full genetic complement of a species

Genomic imprinting The epigenetic phenomenon by which certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner

Genotype Genetic constitution of a cell (of an individual organism)

Gout Genetically inherited metabolic disorder (or a type of arthritis)

Hemophilia Genetic disorder (largely inherited), problem in blood clotting

Heterozygous A cell containing two different alleles of a gene

Huntington's disease An inherited disorder that results into death of brain cells

Hybrid Combining the qualities of two animals or plants of different breeds, varieties, species (also known as crossbreed)

Mutation Change that occurs in DNA sequence

Pleiotropy When one gene influences two or more apparently unrelated phenotypic traits

Psoriasis An inherited disease categorized by recurring thick, reddish patches on skin

Syntenic Genes occurring on the same chromosome

Zygote The fertilized egg is known as zygote