Article 246 confers legislative powers on the Parliament and the State Legislatures on the subjects enumerated in the Seventh Schedule.
Broadly, entries that are related to national importance were allocated to the Union and entries of local concern were allocated to the States.
As per Sarkaria Commission, concurrent list subjects are neither exclusively of national concern nor of local concern and hence occupy a constitutional ‘grey’ area. Rationale behind the list system contained in the Seventh Schedule
Unity and Integrity of India: A strong central government could survive the communal frenzy and manage the increasingly complex administrative problems (like opposition from princely states) faced by the new nation.
Enabling responsive governance:
Small governments are seen as encouraging political participation, bolstering the rights of minorities by protecting the rights of the individual against majoritarian impulses the shared accommodation of various views, and communitarian values.
Balanced economic development: The unstable financial position of the new Indian state also favoured centralization. Provincial autonomy was seen as a hindrance to equitable distribution of wealth and development.
Others: As per Joint Committee Report of 1934 it was considered necessary to ensure that the provinces remained truly autonomous and could determine their jurisdiction independently.
This is indicative of the spirit of cooperation between the Union and the States that the founders wanted to inculcate.
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