2021-09-16 18:34:36
Development of Education ===========================
1781: Calcutta Madrasah ( Warren Hastings)
1791: Sanskrit College, Benaras ( Jonathan Duncan)
1800: Fort William College ( Lord Wellesley)
Serampur missionaries were very enthusiastic about spread of education
1813: Charter Act
Sanction of 1 lakhs annually
Amount not made available till 1823
Grant sanctioned for Calcutta College ( 1817- Rammohun Roy)
1835: Lord Macaulay's Minute
Settled the debate in favour of Anglicists- limited govt resources to be devoted to teaching western sciences and literature through medium of English language alone
Neglected mass education
Downward filtration theory
1835: Medical college in Calcutta
1843-53: James Thomson ( LG of NW Province)
Developed comprehensive scheme of village education through the medium of vernacular languages
Purpose was to train personnel for newly set up Revenue and Public works dept.
1844: Applicants for govt employment should possess knowledge of English
1854: Wood's Despatch ( Magna Carta of English education in India)
Responsibility of educating mass and rebuked downward filtration theory
Vernacular at school, English in higher studies
Stress on female and vocational education and teacher training
Education in govt institutions to be secular
System of grants-in-aid to encourage private enterprise
Developments:
1857: universities at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras
1849: Bethune School, Calcutta ( JED Bethune)- Education for women
Agriculture Institute at Pusa, Bihar
Engineering Institute at Roorkee (1847)
1856: Calcutta college of engineering
1858: Overseers' school at Poona ( Poona college of engineering)
1882-83: Hunter Education Commission (Ripon)
Confined its recommendations to primary and secondary education
Primary education in vernacular
Transfer of control of primary education to district and municipal boards
High school should have two divisions
Literary- leading to university
Vocational- commercial careers
Attention towards inadequate facilities for female education
1882: Punjab university
1887: Allahabad university
1902: Raleigh Commission
Go into conditions and prospects of universities in India
Based on recommendations of Raleigh, Indian Universities Act
1904: Indian Universities Act
Govt veto in universities senate regulations
5 lakh rupees to be sanctioned per annum for five years
1906: State of Baroda introduced compulsory education throughout its territories
1913: Resolution on education policy - govt refused to take responsibility of compulsory education
1917-19: Saddler University Commission
Study and report on problems of Calcutta university
Reviewed entire field from school education to university education
School course should be 12 yrs. Entry into university after intermediate stage for 3 yrs course.
1919: Education shifted to provincial ministries so govt stopped taking direct interest in education
matters.
1929: Hartog Committee
To report on development of education
Average students should be diverted to vocational courses after 8th
Admission should be restricted
1937: Wardha scheme of basic education
Congress organised a National Conference on Education in Wardha
Zakir hussain committee- detailed national scheme for basic education
Learning through activity
Based on Gandhi's weekly Harijan
English only after Class 8
1944: Sergeant Plan of Education
Pre-primary education for 3-6 yrs age group
Free, universal and compulsory elementary education for 6-11 yrs age group
Abolition of intermediate course
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