2022-08-27 17:07:00
A congenital goiter is a diffuse or nodular enlargement of the thyroid gland present at birth.
Congenital goiter can occur because of impaired thyroid hormone production, maternal antibodies affecting the thyroid gland through the placenta, or because of
chemicals or medications the mother took during pregnancy.
The most common manifestation is a dense, painless enlargement of the thyroid gland. In some patients, the enlargement is not seen, but further growth may cause deviation or compression of the trachea, impaired breathing Thyroid hormone secretion may be decreased, increased, or within normal limits.
The diagnosis is confirmed based on the size of the thyroid gland on ultrasound examination.
Treatment consists of hormone replacement therapy if hypothyroidism is the cause. Surgery is indicated if breathing or swallowing is impaired.
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