2021-11-14 21:22:13
Genetic Terminology
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Allele An alternative form of a gene
morph A silent gene
Angelman syndrome a rare genetically inherited form of mental retardation
Autosome Synonymous with somatic chromosomes
Chimera An exceptionally rare person composed of the cells derived from different zygotes
Chromosome Rod-shaped or thread-like structures located within the cell nucleus that carry genes encoded by DNA
Cloned gene A recombinant DNA molecule along with the gene of interest
Consanguinity Having a common ancestor, i.e., blood relations
Crossing over The exchange of genetic material between a pair of homologous chromosomes
Cross-pollination Mating of two genetically different plants (but of the same species).
Dizygotic twins Twins produced from two separate ova, which are separately fertilized
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Composed of nucleic acids, DNA encodes the genes that facilitate genetic information to be passed to offspring.
Evolution Genetic change in a population of organisms over period of time
Gamete A reproductive sex cell (i.e. ovum or sperm)
Gene Units of inheritance typically occurring at specific locations (a chromosome)
Gene Pool All of the genes in all of the individuals in a breeding population
Gene Flow The transference of genes from one population to another
Genetic Drift Evolution, or change in gene pool frequencies, resulting from a random chance
Genetics Study of gene structure, action, and the patterns of inheritance of traits from parent to offspring
Genome The full genetic complement of a species
Genomic imprinting The epigenetic phenomenon by which certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner
Genotype Genetic constitution of a cell (of an individual organism)
Gout Genetically inherited metabolic disorder (or a type of arthritis)
Hemophilia Genetic disorder (largely inherited), problem in blood clotting
Heterozygous A cell containing two different alleles of a gene
Huntington's disease An inherited disorder that results into death of brain cells
Hybrid Combining the qualities of two animals or plants of different breeds, varieties, species (also known as crossbreed)
Mutation Change that occurs in DNA sequence
Pleiotropy When one gene influences two or more apparently unrelated phenotypic traits
Psoriasis An inherited disease categorized by recurring thick, reddish patches on skin
Syntenic Genes occurring on the same chromosome
Zygote The fertilized egg is known as zygote
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