Histology collection videos 2021

2023-04-21 08:07:02 A 30-year-old man comes to the emergency department with severe headache and neck pain following a motor vehicle collision. The patient has no blurry or double vision, dizziness, slurred speech, numbness, or weakness. Neuroimaging is unremarkable except for evidence of a right transverse foramina fracture at the level of C2. The patient is placed in a cervical collar and admitted for further evaluation. While in the hospital, he suddenly develops dizziness, right facial numbness, and hoarseness. Temperature is 36.7 C (98 F}, blood pressure is 160/90 mm Hg, pulse is 80/min, and respirations are 12/min. Neurologic examination shows partial ptosis and miosis of the right eye, as well as nystagmus. Hearing is intact bilaterally. There is reduced sensation to pain and temperature on the right side of the face and the left side of the body. The patient is ataxic and displays past-pointing with his right hand on finger-to-nose testing. Open / Comment

2023-04-20 18:06:03 Educational objective: Osmotic demyelination syndrome results from overly rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia. Clinical features include quadriplegia, pseudobulbar palsy, and reduced level of consciousness. MRI demonstrates focal demyelination of the pons. Open / Comment

2023-04-20 12:05:22 A 54-year-old hospitalized man develops new-onset slurring of speech and extremity weakness. Medical history is significant for alcohol abuse. Physical examination reveals confusion, dysarthria, dysphagia, and quadriparesis. MRI of the brain shows symmetric areas of demyelination in the pons. Open / Comment

2023-04-19 18:05:02 Educational objective: Delayed cerebral ischemia due to cerebral vasospasm usually presents 3-12 days after the initial subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with an acute change in mental status and/or new focal neurological deficits. Nimodipine, a selective calcium channel blocker, improves outcomes in patients with cerebral vasospasm by inducing cerebral vasodilation and decreasing calcium-dependent excitotoxicity. Open / Comment

2023-04-19 08:05:03 Open / Comment

2023-04-19 06:04:15 Open / Comment

2023-04-18 18:14:02 Educational objective: Patients with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) have 3 copies of the amyloid precursor protein gene located on chromosome 21. This increases amyloid-beta accumulation in the brain, placing these patients at high risk for developing early-onset Alzheimer disease. Open / Comment

2023-04-18 08:14:01 A 41-year-old man with trisomy 21 is evaluated in the clinic due to cognitive decline. The patient has a history of moderate intellectual disability, but his higher cognitive functions have become progressively impaired in the past several years. He previously volunteered at a community library but recently lost his position as he could no longer perform his duties. The patient is now completely dependent on a caregiver for assistance with his activities of daily living such as getting dressed, bathing, and using the toilet. The patient keeps wandering in the group home and has become lost on several occasions. Open / Comment

2023-04-17 23:57:03 USMLE Step 1 resources to aid success.

Save this list for a rainy day Open / Comment

2023-04-17 19:58:02 Educational objective: Fragile X syndrome is an X-linked disorder that presents with a long, narrow face, a prominent chin and forehead, and large testes. Patients often have developmental delay and neuropsychiatric findings that overlap with anxiety disorders, autism, and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Open / Comment