Grammar time Hozirgi tugallangan zamon - (Present Perfect) | IELTS Light💡

Grammar time

Hozirgi tugallangan zamon - (Present Perfect)

Hozirgi tugallangan zamon (Present Perfect) o’tgan zamonda bajarib tugatilgan va natijasi hozirgi zamonda ko’rinib turgan ish-harakatga nisbatan ishlatiladi.

Hozirgi tugallangan zamonning yasalish formulasi quyidagicha:

Subject+have/has+Verb3

Quyidagi Hozirgi tugallangan zamonda yasalgan gaplarga e’tibor bering. Har safar gapning tarjimasidan, ish harakat o’tgan zamonda tugallanib, natijasi hozir ko’rinib turganligiga e’tibor bering. Hozirgi tugallangan zamonda har doim o’tgan zamonda bajarib tugatilgan ish harakatning natijasi hozirgi zamon bilan bog’liq bo’ladi:

Jamshid has lost his passport – Jamshid pasportini yo’qotdi (natijada hozir uning pasporti yo’q – natija hozirgi zamonda ko’rinib turibdi, ish harakatning qachon bajarilganligi esa aytilmayapti).
Rashid has bought a new car – Rashid yangi mashina sotib oldi (natijada hozir u yangi mashina minib yuribdi. Qachon sotib olgan? Vaqti ko’rsatilmayapti. Lekin natija hozirgi zamonda ko’rinib turibdi!).
I have cleaned my shoes – Men oyoq kiyimlarimni tozaladim (natijada ular hozir toza).

So’roq shaklidaga gaplarni yasash uchun «TO HAVE» fe’li (have yoki has) egadan oldinga o’tkaziladi. Keling, yuqoridagi darak shaklidagi gaplarni so’roq gaplarga aylantiraylik:

Has Jamshid lost his passport? – Jamshid pasportini yo’qotdimi? (Natijada hozir unda pasport yo’qmi?)
Has Rashid bought a new car? – Rashid yangi mashina sotib oldimi? (Natijada hozir unda yangi mashina bormi?)
Have you cleaned your shoes? – Siz oyoq kiyimlaringizni tozaladingizmi? (Ular hozir tozami?)

E’tibor bering, yuqiridagi so’roq gaplarda ish-harakat qachon sodir etilganligi emas, balki sodir etilgandan keyingi natija eng muhim hisoblanyapti. Shundan ham bilishingiz mumkinki, hozirgi tugallangan zamonda ish-harakat sodir etilgan vaqt muhim emas, bizga ish-harakatning natijasida hozir nima natija hosil bo’lganligi muhimdir!

Inkor shaklidagi gaplarda «TO HAVE» fe’li shakllaridan keyin NOT inkor yuklamasi qo’yiladi. Yana yuqoridagi darak shaklidagi gaplarni inkor gaplarga aylantiramiz:

Jamshid has not lost his passport – Jamshid pasportini yo’qotmadi (natijada hozir uning pasporti bor, yo’qolmagan)
Rashid has not bought a new car – Rashid yangi mashina sotib olmadi (natijada hozir uning mashinasi yo’q)
I have not cleaned my shoes – Men oyoq kiyimlarimni tozalamadim (natijada ular hozir toza emas).

Hozirgi tugallangan zamon quyidagi payt ravishlari bilan birga ishlatiladi:

already -allaqachon;
yet – hali (inkor va so’roq gaplarda);
since / for – …dan beri;
never – hech qachon;
ever – qachondir
just - endigina

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