SOME TERMS RELATED TO EVOLUTION Adaptation: Changing to | IIT JEE NEET BOOKS

SOME TERMS RELATED TO EVOLUTION

Adaptation:

Changing to fit a niche or survive in an environment

Anatomy:

Study of the structures of organisms

Artificial Selection:

Characteristics selected by humans

Biogeography:

Study of how species are distributed across the Earth

Biological Species:

Individuals that can interbreed and produce viable offspring

Catastrophism:

Changes in species that happen because of quick and often violent natural phenomena

Cladistics:

Method of classifying species in groups based on ancestral relationships

Cladogram:

Diagram of how species are related

Coevolution:

One species changing in response to changes in another species that it interacts with, particularly predator/prey relationships

Creationism:

Belief that a higher power created all life

Darwinism:

Term commonly used as a synonym for evolution

Descent With Modification:

Passing down traits that might change over time

Directional Selection:

Type of natural selection in which an extreme characteristic is favored


Disruptive Selection:

Type of natural selection that favors both extremes and selects against the average characteristics

Embryology:

Study of the earliest stages of development of an organism

Endosymbiotic Theory:

Currently accepted theory as to how cells evolved

Eukaryote:

Organism made of cells that have membrane-bound organelles

Evolution:

Change in populations over time

Fossil Record:

All known traces of past life ever found

Fundamental Niche:

All available roles an individual can play in an ecosystem

Genetics:

Study of traits and how they are passed down from generation to generation

Gradualism:

Changes in species that happen over long periods of time

Habitat:

Area in which an organism lives

Homologous Structures:

Body parts on different species that are similar and most likely evolved from a common ancestor

Hydrothermal Vents:

Very hot areas in the ocean where primitive life might have begun

Intelligent Design:

Belief that a higher power created life and its changes

Macroevolution:

Changes in populations at the species level, including ancestral relationships

Mass Extinction:

Event in which large numbers of species died out completely

Microevolution:

Changes in species at a molecular or gene level.....

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