𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗢𝗖𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗡𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗣𝗘𝗟? The doctrine of estoppel i | Indian Judiciary Preparation
𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗢𝗖𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗡𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗣𝗘𝗟?
The doctrine of estoppel is based upon the grounds of public policy, fair dealing, good faith and justice, and its purpose is to forbid one to speak against his own act, representations, or commitments to the injury of one to whom they were directed and who reasonably relied thereon. Said doctrine springs from equitable principles and the equities of the case. It is designed to aid the law in the administration of justice where without its aid injustice might result.' (Philippine National Bank v. Court of Appeals, L-30831, November 21, 1979, 94 SCRA 368)
Whenever a party has, by his own declaration, act or omission intentionally and deliberately led another to believe a particular thing true and to act upon such belief, he cannot, in any litigation arising out of such declaration, act, or omission, be permitted to falsify it.
Estoppel arises when one, by his acts, representations, or admissions, or by his silence when he ought to speak out, intentionally or through culpable negligence induces another to believe certain facts to exist and such other rightfully relies and acts on such belief, so that he will be prejudiced if the former is permitted to deny the existence of such facts (Huyatid v. Huyatid 47265-R, Jan. 4, 1978).
In the case of Philippine National Bank vs. Court of Appeals (94 SCRA 357), where the bank manager assured the heirs of the debtor-mortgagor that they would be allowed to pay the remaining obligation of their deceased parents, the Supreme Court held that the bank must abide by its representations.
On equitable principles, particularly on the ground of estoppel, we must rule against petitioner Bank. The doctrine of estoppel is based upon the grounds of public policy, fair dealing, good faith and justice, and its purpose is to forbid one to speak against its own act, representations, or commitments to the injury of one to whom they were directed and who reasonably relied thereon. The doctrine of estoppel springs from equitable principles and the equities in the case. It is designed to aid the law in the administration of justice where without its aid injustice might result. It has been applied by this Court wherever and whenever the special circumstances of a case so demands.
Source: PNB vs.IAC, GR. No. 66715, September 18, 1990
@Indian_Judiciary_Preparation
@Indian_Judicial_Services_IJS
Join us @Law4CivilServices
Join us @Law_Books_Store
