Dars #1 Ingliz tilida zamon tushunchasi Dunyodagi deyarli | Ingliz tilida so'zlashish

Dars #1 Ingliz tilida zamon tushunchasi

Dunyodagi deyarli barcha tillarda zamon kategoriyasi mavjud.
Ingliz tilida zamon tushunchasi “tense” atamasi bilan ifodalanadi.
Macmillian English Dictionary for Advanced Learners lug'atida zamon quyidagicha izohlangan:

tense – a form of verb used for showing when something happens. For example, ‘I goʻ is the present tense and ‘I went’ is the past tense.
Ya'ni, zamon- bu biror ish-harakatning qachon sodir boʻlganligini koʻrsatadigan fe’l shaklidir, Masalan “Men boraman” - bu hozirgi zamon, “Men bordim” esa oʻtgan zamondir.
Demak, zamon ish-harakatning qachon bajaril(ayot)ganligi nazarda tutadi.

Xulosa: Ish-harakat qachon bajarilayotganligi yoki bajarilganligiga qarab oʻzimizga kerak boʻlgan grammatik qoliplarni (zamonlar shakli) tanlaymiz.

Ingliz tilida zamonlar 4 ta katta guruhga boʻlinib oʻrganiladi:
Present Tenses: (Hozirgi zamonlar guruhi):
Present Continuous Tense
Present Simple Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Tenses (Oʻtgan zamonlar guruhi):
Past Continuous Tense
Past Simple Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Future Tenses (Kelasi zamonlar guruhi):
Future Continuous Tense
Future Simple Tense
Future Perfect Tense
Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Future in the Past Tenses (Oʻtgan kelasi zamonlar guruhi)
Future Continuous in the Past Tense
Future Simple in the Past Tense
Future Perfect in the Past Tense
Future Perfect Continuous in the Past Tense

E’tibor bergan boʻlsangiz, har bir zamon guruhidagi zamonlarda harakatning qay tarzda bajarilishini ifodalashda umumiylik mavjud:

continuous – davomiy zamonlarda ish-harakatning davomiyligi ta'kidlanadi.
I am working – Men ishlayapman. (Present continuous)
I was working - Men ishlayotgan edim. (Past continuous)
I will be working - Men ishlayotgan bo'laman. (Future continuous)

simple- oddiy zamonlarda ish-harakatning sodir boʻlishi yoki boʻlganligi ta'kidlanadi.
I work every day– Men har kuni ishlayman. (Present simple)
I worked yesterday - Men kecha ishladim.(Past simple)
I will work tomorrow - Men ertaga ishlayman. (Future simple)

perfect – tugallangan oddiy zamonlarda ish-harakatning tugallanganligi va natijasi mavjudligi ta'kidlanadi.
I have finished the book – Men kitobni tugatdim. (Present perfect)
I had finished the book - Men kitobni tugatgan edim.(Past perfect)
I will have finished the book - Men kitobni tugatgan bo'laman. (Future perfect)

perfect continuous – tugallangan davomiy zamonlarda ish-harakatning qancha muddat davom etganligi ta'kidlanadi.
I have been working for four hours – Men toʻrt soatdan beri ishlayapman.(Present perfect continuous)
I had been working for four hours – Men toʻrt soatdan beri ishlayotgan edim. (Past perfect continuous)
I will have been working for four hours – Men toʻrt soatdan beri ishlayayotgan bo'laman.(Future perfect continuous)

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