The Eight Stages (1 - 4) Human development in terms of the ep | Human Nature

The Eight Stages (1 - 4)

Human development in terms of the epigenetic principle, states that every organism is born with a certain purpose and its successful development results in the fulfillment of this purpose. Anything that grows has a ground plan, and out of this the parts arise. The human personality unfolds and evolves in eight predetermined stages. This growth involves the constant interaction between heredity and environmental influences.

The first stage, which takes place during a baby’s first year, is “trust versus mistrust.” If the infant’s needs are badly or inconsistently met, feelings of mistrust develop that can recur in later relationships.
The second stage, “autonomy versus shame and doubt,” takes place from 18 months to 2 years. This is when the child learns to explore, but also for the first time must deal with feelings of shame and doubt as a result of small failures or parental reprimands. Healthy willpower develops as a result of learning to negotiate both success and failure.

Stage three, from three to six years, presents the crisis of “initiative versus guilt.” This is when children learn to act creatively and playfully, but also with purpose. As they interact with others they discover that their actions can adversely affect someone else. Severe punishments at this stage can inflict paralyzing feelings of guilt. From 6 to 12, children focus on education and learning social skills. This fourth stage is known as “industry versus inferiority,” and it provides a feeling of competence, although an over-emphasis on work can lead children mistakenly to equate self-worth with productivity.

#HumanNature

Join now
@Laws_of_Human_Nature