International Up-to-date Clinical Channel, IUCC

2022-07-31 19:19:40 Pretransplant nephrectomy in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)

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2022-07-31 19:17:05 The lower respiratory tract is also called the respiratory tree or tracheobronchial tree, to describe the branching structure of airways supplying air to the lungs.

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2022-07-20 19:21:35 Learning medical terminology
Important medical terms you need to know

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2022-07-14 18:27:15 Anatomy of brain

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2022-07-11 16:33:23 Incredible picture shows ‘stone baby’ fetus found in womb of elderly woman who complained of stomach pain

The rare condition sees a calcified fetus called a lithopedion carried around for decades without the woman realising it. The woman carried the fetus, weighing 4.5 lbs and aged seven months, for 35 years.
Lithopedion (stone baby) is a rare phenomenon which occurs when a fetus dies during an abdominal pregnancy and calcifies on the outside. When the pregnancy ultimately fails, usually because the fetus does not have enough blood supply, there is no way for the body to expel the fetus. As a result, the body calcifies the fetus turning it to ‘stone’ using the same immune process that protects from any foreign object detected in a person's system.

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2022-07-11 16:22:28 There are three main components to an ECG: the P wave, which represents the depolarization of the atria; the QRS complex, which represents the depolarization of the ventricles; and the T wave, which represents the repolarization of the ventricles.
During each heartbeat, a healthy heart has an orderly progression of depolarization that starts with pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node, spreads throughout the atrium, and passes through the atrioventricular node down into the bundle of His and into the Purkinje fibers, spreading down and to the left throughout the ventricles.

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2022-07-07 16:20:34 Arthroscopic view of the inside of a normal shoulder

Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure on a joint in which an examination and sometimes treatment of damage is performed using an arthroscope, an endoscope that is inserted into the joint through a small incision. 
Doctors view the joint area on a video monitor, and can diagnose and repair torn joint tissue, such as ligaments. It is technically possible to do an arthroscopic examination of almost every joint, but is most commonly used for the knee, shoulder, elbow, wrist, ankle, foot, and hip.
Arthroscopy is commonly used for treatment of diseases of the shoulder including subacromial impingement, acromioclavicular osteoarthritis, rotator cuff tears, frozen shoulder, chronic tendonitis, partial tears of the long biceps tendon, SLAP (superior labrum anterior to posterior) lesions and shoulder instability. The most common indications include subacromial decompression, bankarts lesion repair and rotator cuff repair.

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2022-07-05 17:34:41 Raynaud syndrome, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a medical condition in which the spasm of small arteries causes episodes of reduced blood flow to end arterioles. Typically, the fingers, and less commonly, the toes, are involved. Rarely, the nose, ears, or lips are affected. The episodes classically result in the affected part turning white and then blue. Often, numbness or pain occurs. As blood flow returns, the area turns red and burns. The episodes typically last minutes but can last several hours. Episodes are typically triggered by cold or emotional stress.

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2022-07-03 22:14:09 A gallbladder with marked cholelithiasis

A gallstone is a stone formed within the gallbladder out of precipitated bile components. Gallstone disease refers to the condition where gallstones are either in the gallbladder or common bile duct. The presence of stones in the gallbladder is referred to as cholelithiasis.

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2022-07-01 17:03:26 Kidney stone disease, also known as nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a crystallopathy where a solid piece of material (kidney stone) develops in the urinary tract. Kidney stones typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream.
Most stones form by a combination of genetics and environmental factors. Risk factors include high urine calcium levels, obesity, certain foods, some medications, calcium supplements, hyperparathyroidism, gout and not drinking enough fluids. Stones form in the kidney when minerals in urine are at high concentration. The diagnosis is usually based on symptoms, urine testing, and medical imaging. Blood tests may also be useful.

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