2021-12-23 17:39:19
Kidney insufficiency
Some imp points regarding oral Malodor
Examples of drugs that may cause oral malodour
• Alcohol
• Tobacco
• Betel
• Solvent misuse
• Chloral hydrate
• Nitrites and nitrates
• Dimethyl sulphoxide
• Disulphiram
• Some cytotoxic agents
• Phenothiazines
• Amphetamines
Odoriferous components that give rise to oral malodour
Volatile sulphur compounds
• Methyl mercaptan
• Hydrogen sulphide
• Dimethyl sulphide
Diamines
• Putrescine
• Cadaverine
Short chain fatty acids
• Butyric acid
• Valeric acid
• Propionic acid
Clinical assessment of oral malodour
Subjective
• Intensity—the organoleptic method
• Smelling expelled air of mouth and nose separately
• Easy to do, requires no clinical training
•
• Quality—the hedonic method
• Rarely clinically applicable
• Requires well trained clinical judges
•
Objective
• Detection of sulphides with appropriate monitor—simple, but may fail to detect oral malodour caused by non-sulphide components
• Gas chromatography—not applicable for routine clinical practice
• Bacterial detection (such as benzoyl-arginine-naphthylamide test, polymerase chain reaction, dark field microscopy)—not applicable for routine clinical practice
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