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HIV infection can cause dementia that progresses over a longer | Neurology collections 2020

HIV infection can cause dementia that progresses over a longer time period than progressive multifocal
leukoencephalopathy (PML). Symptoms are of:
Confusion
Depression
Reduced concentration
Behavioural changes
Psychosis
Speech and balance problems, as well as
Muscle weakness.
Patients with cryptococcal meningitis present with headache, fever, vomiting and few neurological signs.
PML can present at any CD4 count with ataxia, behavioural changes and focal neurological signs, often
progressing over a period of months to paresis or even coma.
Toxoplasmosis presents with headache, fever and seizures. It has a typical CT head scan with ring enhancing
lesions.
This patient's symptoms may be compatible with schizophrenia, however given his HIV status and neurology
HIV dementia is more likely.