a) Commercial and public lending libraries were established in | PG TRB ENGLISH

a) Commercial and public lending libraries were established in order to provide for an enlarged reading public.
b) Education reform increased literacy, thus creating a demand for commercial and public lending libraries.
c) A new aesthetics of valuing literature for its own sake emphasized reading for pleasure.
d) People had more leisure time to read and more disposable income to spend on reading materials.
e) all of the above

717. Which of the following periodical publications (reviews and magazines) appeared in the Romantic era?
a) London Magazine
b) The Spectator
c) The Edinburgh Review
d) The Tatler
e) a and c only

718. According to a theater licensing act, repealed in 1843, what was meant by "legitimate" drama?
a) The dramaturge and playwright had to be related.
b) All of the actors were male.
c) All of the actors were British.
d) The play was spoken.
e) The play had to be a full musical or produced in full pantomime.

719. The Gothic novel, a popular genre for the Romantics, exemplified in the writing of Horace Walpole and Ann Radcliffe, could contain which of the following elements?
a) supernatural phenomenon
b) perversion and sadism, often involving a maiden's persecution
c) plots of mystery and terror set in inhospitable, sullen landscapes
d) secret passages, decaying mansions, gloomy castles, and dark dungeons
e) all of the above

720. Given the popularity of the Gothic novel and the novel of purpose, which of the following novelists wrote fiction that is closer in subject matter to the novel of manners than it is to the writing of her own era?
a) Fanny Burney
b) Mary Wollstonecraft
c) Anna Letitia Barbauld
d) Jane Austen
e) Mary Shelley

721. Which two writers can be described as writing historical novels?
a) Mary Shelley and Percy Bysshe Shelley
b) William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge
c) Sir Walter Scott and Maria Edgeworth
d) Jane Austen and Charlotte Brontë
e) none of the above: Romantic novelists never wrote historical novels.

722. Which of the following texts addresses class as a social and economic reality?
a) William Godwin's Inquiry Concerning Political Justice
b) Percy Bysshe Shelley's England in 1819
c) William Godwin's Caleb Williams
d) Sir Walter Scott's The Heart of Midlothian
e) all of the above


723. Which Romantic writer(s) wrote in more than one of these popular literary forms: essay, novel, drama, poetry?
a) Percy Bysshe Shelley
b) William Wordsworth
c) George Gordon, Lord Byron
d) Samuel Taylor Coleridge
e) all of the above

724. Which of the following would not have been an appropriate protagonist for a Romantic literary text?
a) a French revolutionary
b) a Greek or Roman mythological figure
c) a monster fabricated in a laboratory
d) a vagrant, gypsy, or any other itinerant social outcast
e) All would have been appropriate protagonists for a Romantic literary text.

725. In which of the following works is the social outcast represented and addressed?

a) Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley's Frankenstein
b) William Worsworth's Lyrical Ballads
c) Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
d) John Keats's "To Autumn"
e) all but d

726. Looking to the ancient past, many Romantic poets identified with the figure of the

a) troubadour
b) skald
c) chorister
d) minstrel
e) bard

727. What did Byron deride with his scathing reference to "'Peddlers,' and 'Boats,' and 'Wagons'!"?

a) the neo-classical influence of Pope and Dryden
b) the clumsiness of Shakespeare's plots
c) the Orientalist fantasies of Coleridge
d) Wordsworth's devotion to the ordinary and everyday
e) Blake's apocalyptic visions


728. Wordsworth described all good poetry as

a) the rhythmic expression of moral intuition
b) the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings
c) the polite patter of a corrupted age
d) the divine gift of grace
e) the foul rag and bone shop of the heart.