NCERT NOTES

2021-05-23 16:50:51 ​​What is firmware?

Firmware is a small piece of software that makes hardware work as its manufacturer intended it to.

It consists of programs written by software developers to make hardware devices "tick." Without firmware, most of the electronic devices we use daily wouldn't be able to work.

They would not do anything.

For example, did you know that a simple traffic light has firmware on it?

Yes, it does, and the firmware is what tells it to change the lights at regular intervals.

Without firmware, the traffic light would be just a "stupid" mast, placed on the side of the road, doing nothing except looking bored.

What is firmware in the case of less sophisticated hardware devices such as traffic lights, washing machines, card machines, surveillance cameras, and TVs?

The firmware is all the software on them, also acting as their operating system and controlling everything about those devices’ functioning.

Traffic lights need firmware to run.

We often tend to think about a hardware device as a device that is just hardware. And we assume that it just works by itself. However, almost none of the modern hardware devices would work without this particular software written directly onto them. Open / Comment

2021-05-22 12:53:10 Open / Comment

2021-05-22 10:33:36 OATHS AND RESIGNATIONS
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The President
➨ Oath - Chief Justice of India or in his absence the senior most Judge of Supreme Court.
➨ Resignation submitted to - Vice-President

Vice-President
➨ Oath - President or some person appointed in that behalf by the President.
➨ Resignation submitted to - President

Prime Minister
➨ Oath - President
➨ Resignation submitted to - President

Lok Sabha Speaker
➨ Oath - President
➨ Resignation submitted to - Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha

Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha
➨ Oath - President
➨ Resignation submitted to - Lok Sabha Speaker

Chief Election Commissioner
➨ Oath - President
➨ Resignation submitted to - President

Attorney General
➨ Oath - President
➨ Resignation submitted to - President

Comptroller and Auditor General
➨ Oath - President or some person appointed in that behalf by the President.
➨ Resignation submitted to - President

Solicitor-General
➨ Oath - President
➨ Resignation submitted to - President

Chairman, Public Service Commission
Oath - President
Resignation submitted to - President

Chairman, Planning Commission
➨ Oath - President
➨ Resignation submitted to - President

Members, Planning Commission
➨ Oath - Prime Minister
➨ Resignation submitted to - Prime Minister

Governor, RBI
➨ Oath - President
➨ Resignation submitted to - President

Chief Minister
➨ Oath - Governor
➨ Resignation submitted to - Governor

Chief Justice of High Court
➨ Oath - Governor
➨ Resignation submitted to - President

Other Judges of High Court
Oath - Governor
Resignation submitted to - President

Advocate General
➨ Oath - Governor
➨ Resignation submitted to - Governor

Accountant General
➨ Oath - Governor
➨ Resignation submitted to - Governor

Chairman, State Public Service Commission
➨ Oath - Governor
➨ Resignation submitted to - Governor

Members, State Public Service Commission
➨ Oath - Governor
➨ Resignation submitted to - Governor Open / Comment

2021-05-22 10:33:25 Geographical Indication Tag and GI Tagged Products

Geographical Indication (GI) Tag is form of intellectual property, a certification or sign or name given to certain goods/products that are unique to a particular geographical region or location. According to the WTO Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), “Geographical Indications (GIs) are the indications which identify a good as originating in the territory of a member, or a region or a locality in that territory, where a given quality, reputation or characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographic origin.”

Provided By:
GI Tag is given to the goods by the Geographical Indication Registry (headquartered in Chennai) under the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999. The Act however came into effect from 15 September 2003. The GI Act is administered by the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks, who is the Registrar of Geographical Indications.

Importance of GI Tag:
The tag ensures the quality and essential attributes of a food produced in a specific location. It also ensures that none other than the authorized users can use the GI tagged product name.

Some important facts regarding GI Tag:

The first product that was awarded the GI tag in India was Darjeeling Tea in 2004-05.

The GI tag is valid for 10 years and after that can be renewed for next 10 years.

Karnataka has the highest number of GI tags i.e. 47 products followed by Tamil Nadu (39).

Some of the major products that have got GI tag

Coorg Green Cardamom of Karnataka
Chanderi Sarees of Madhya Pradesh
Kancheepuram Silk of Tamil Nadu
Thanjavur Paintings, Tamil Nadu
Pokkali Rice, Kerala
Tirupathi Laddu, Andhra Pradesh
Mysore Silk of Karnataka
Odisha Pattachitra
Blue Pottery of Rajasthan
Kashmir Pashmina
Phulkari, Punjab
Nagpur Orange
Mizo Chilli
Lucknow Chikan craft
Hyderabad Haleem
Kandhamal Haladi of Odisha
Kodaikanal Malai Poondu
Pawndum of Mizoram
Ngotekherh of Mizoram
Hmaram of Mizoram
Tawlhlohpuan of Mizoram
Mizo Puanchei of Mizoram
Gulbarga Tur Dal of Karnataka
Tirur Betel Leaf (Tirur Vettila) of Kerala
Odisha Rasagola of Odisha
Palani Panchamirtham of Tamil Nadu
Manipur Black Rice of Manipur
Gorakhpur Terracotta of Uttar Pradesh
Kashmir Saffron of J&K
Kovilpatti Kadai Mittai of Kerala
Thanjavur Netti Works of Tamil Nadu
Arumbavur Wood Craving of Tamil Nadu
Soharai Khovar Painting of Jharkhand
Puttapaka Telia Rumal of Telangana
Irish Whiskey of Ireland
Khola Chilli of Goa
Idu Mishmi Textiles of Arunachal Pradesh
Dindigul Locks of Tamil Nadu
Kandangi Saree of Tamil Nadu
Srivilliputtur Palkova of Tamil Nadu
Kaji Nemu of Assam Open / Comment

2021-05-22 10:33:17 Mughal Empire: Important Questions with Answers

1. Who was the last ruler of Mughal Empire?
Ans: Bahadur Shah Jafar-II.

2. By which name Akbar used to address Jahangir?
Ans: Akbar used to address Jahangir by the name of ‘Shaikhu Baba’.

3. What title was assumed to Aurangzeb?
Ans: The title of Alamgir was assumed to Aurangzeb.

4. Who was the founder of the Mughal Empire?
Ans: Babur was the founder of the Mughal Empire.

5. What was the full name of Babur?
Ans: Zahir-ud-din Muhammad was the full name of Babur.

6. What was the full name of Jahangir?
Ans: Muhammad Sultan Salim was the full name of Jahangir.

7. Who started Din-i-Ilahi ?
Ans: Din-I-Ilahi was started by Akbar in 1582.

8. Who was the successor of Akbar?
Ans: Jahangir was the successor of Akbar.

9. Who lost the first battle of Panipat?
Ans: Ibrahim Lodi lost the first battle of Panipat.

10. When was the first battle of Panipat fought?
Ans: The first battle of Panipat was fought in 1526.

11.Where did Akbar set up an Ibadatkhana?
Ans: Akbar set up an Ibadatkhana at Fatehpur Sikri.

12. Who wrote Baburnama?
Ans: Babur

13. What was the full name of Akbar?
Ans: Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar.

14. What was the full name of Humanyun?
Ans: Nasir-ud-din Muhammad Humanyun was the full name of Humanyun.

15. Who was known as an ‘engineer king’?
Ans: Shah Jahan was known as an ‘engineer king’.

16. Where did Humanyun take shelter when he ran away from India?
Ans: Humanyun took shelter in Iran when he ran away from India.

17. Who defeated Mughals and captured Agra and Delhi under the rule of Bairam Khan?
Ans: Hemu Vikramaditya

18. Who was the successor of Sher Shah Suri?
Ans: Sikandar Suri was the successor of Sher Shah Suri.

19. How did Humanyun die?
Ans: Humanyun died to slipping from his library building.

20. Where did Humanyun die?
Ans: Humnyun died at Delhi. Open / Comment