ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺁﯾﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﯾﺪ ﺑ | مطالــــــب عــــــلمـی

ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺁﯾﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﯾﺪ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﮐﻤﯽ ﺑﻐﺮﻧﺞ ﺑﻨﻈﺮ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻓﻮﺍﯾﺪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﻬﻔﺘﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ، ﻋﺪﻡ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻏﺬﺍ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﯾﯽ، ﺧﻼﺻﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﯾﻬﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﺸﮑﻠﯽ
ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﯿﮑﻨﻨﺪ، ﺑﺰﺍﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﻣﺮﮒ، ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺁﻣﻮﺧﺘﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺛﺎﻧﯿﻪ
‏( ﺗﺰﺭﯾﻖ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ‏) ، ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺣﺘﯿﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ﻧﯿﺎﺯﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﮑﺮﺍﺭﯼ ﻭﺳﯿﺮﯼ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺑﺸﺮﯼ،
ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺘﯽ ﺣﺘﯽ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﮐﺴﯿﮋﻥ، ﻋﺪﻡ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ
ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ، ﺑﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻮﺩﺧﻮﺍﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺸﺮﯼ،
ﻣﻨﺘﻔﯽ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﯿﺮﯼ ﻭﻧﺎﺗﻮﺍﻧﯽ ﻭ ...... ﺑﯿﺸﻤﺎﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﯾﺪ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ..... ﺗﮑﯿﻨﮕﯽ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ
ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﺒﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ
ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻮﺵ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﺵ ﺑﺸﺮ ﭘﯿﺸﯽ ﺑﮕﯿﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ
ﺷﮕﺮﻑ ﯾﺎ ﺣﺘﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻥ ﺗﻤﺪﻥ ﺑﺸﺮﯼ ﺑﺸﻮﺩ . ﭼﻮﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﯾﯿﻬﺎﯼ ﭼﻨﯿﯿﻦ ﻫﻮﺷﯽ
ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺭﮎ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ، ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﮑﯿﻨﮕﯽ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﻣﯽﺍﻓﺘﻨﺪ
ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭘﯿﺸﺒﯿﻨﯽ ﻧﺎﺑﺬﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.
ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﮊﻩ " ﺗﮑﯿﻨﮕﯽ " ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ، ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﯾﺎﺿﯿﺪﺍﻥ ﺟﺎﻥ ﻓﻮﻥ
ﻧﻮﯾﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ . ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ۱۹۵۸، ﺍﺳﺘﻨﯽﺳﻮﺍﻑ ﺍﻭﻻﻡ، ﺑﺎ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺤﺜﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮﻥ
ﻧﻮﯾﻤﺎﻥ، ﺑﯿﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ " ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﺰﺍﯾﻨﺪﻩٔ ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ
ﺯﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ، ﺍﺯ ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮏ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺗﮑﯿﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﻨﯿﺎﺩﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﯾﺦ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﺑﺸﺮ
ﺣﮑﺎﯾﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ، ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺁﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺷﻨﺎﺳﯿﻢ،
ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ." ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ
ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺗﺨﯿﻠﯽ ﻭﺭﻧﺮ ﻭﯾﻨﺞ ﺭﺍﯾﺞ ﺷﺪ، ﮐﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﻣﯽﮐﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻮﺵ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ،
ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ، ﯾﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻣﻐﺰ ﻭ ﺭﺍﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻠﻞ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ
ﺗﮑﯿﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺭﯼ ﮐﻮﺭﺯﻭﯾﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﮐﺘﺎﺏ "ﺭﺍﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮ " ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ
ﻓﻮﻥ ﻧﻮﯾﻤﺎﻥ، ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻮﻥ ﻧﻮﯾﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ.
ﻃﺮﻓﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺗﮑﯿﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺍﻧﺪﯾﺸﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ‏«ﺭﺷﺪ ﻓﺰﺍﯾﻨﺪﻩ
ﻫﻮﺵ‏» ، ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‏«ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻮﺵ‏» ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻧﺴﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻤﻨﺪﺗﺮ ﺫﻫﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ
ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ، ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﺥ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﯾﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ
ﻫﻮﺵ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺯﯾﺎﺩﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﺵ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﯿﺸﯽ ﺑﮕﯿﺮﺩ، ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ .
ﮐﻮﺭﺯﻭﯾﻞ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﮑﯿﻨﮕﯽ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ۲۰۴۵ ﺭﺥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ
ﻭﯾﻨﺞ ﺗﺎﺭﯾﺨﯽ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ۲۰۳۰ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ . ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﻼﺱ ﺗﮑﯿﻨﮕﯽ ﺳﺎﻝ ۲۰۱۲،
ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺭﺕ ﺁﺭﻣﺴﺘﺮﺍﻧﮓ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪﺍﯼ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺵ
ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﯿﻒ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽﻫﺎ ﺭﺳﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ
ﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪﺷﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ ۲۰۴۰ ﺑﻮﺩ . ﻋﺪﻡ ﻗﻄﻌﯿﺖ ﺯﯾﺎﺩﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ
ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺁﺭﻣﺴﺘﺮﺍﻧﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ۲۰۱۲ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺗﮑﯿﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ۵ ﺗﺎ
۱۰۰ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺁﯾﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ۸۰ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ . den, Amnon; Moor, James; Søraker,
Johnny; Steinhart, Eric, eds. (2013). Singularity Hypotheses: A
Scientific and Philosophical Assessment. Springer. p. 1.
Carvalko, Joseph (2012). The Techno-human Shell-A Jump in the
Evolutionary Gap. Sunbury Press. ISBN 978-1-62006-165-7.
Ulam, Stanislaw (May 1958). "Tribute to John von Neumann". 64,
#3, part 2. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. p. 5.

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