READ ALOUD Before the discovery of Australia, people in the | English With Natives*

READ ALOUD


Before the discovery of Australia, people in the Old World were convinced that all swans were white, an unassailable belief as it seemed completely confirmed by empirical evidence. The sighting of the first black swan might have been an interesting surprise for a few ornithologists, but that is not where the significance of the story lies. It illustrates a severe limitation to our learning from observations or experience and the fragility of our knowledge.


Pronounciation:

Australia.... /ɒˈstreɪliə $ ɔː-, ɑː-/
swan.... /swɒn $ swɑːn/ 
unassailable.... /ˌʌnəˈseɪləbəl◂/ 
belief..../bəˈliːf, bɪˈliːf/ 
completely.....  /kəmˈpliːtli/ 
confirmed..../kənˈfɜːmd $ -ɜːr-/ 
empirical..... /ɪmˈpɪrɪkəl/ 
sighting..... /ˈsaɪtɪŋ/ 
surprise...... /səˈpraɪz $ sər-/ 
ornithologists...... /ˌɔːnəˈθɒlədʒəst, ˌɔːnɪˈθɒlədʒəst $ ˌɔːrnəˈθɑː-/
illustrate...... /ˈɪləstreɪt/ 
severe..... /səˈvɪə, sɪˈvɪə $ -ˈvɪr/ 
observation...... /ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃən $ ˌɑːbzər-/
experience..... /ɪkˈspɪəriəns $ -ˈspɪr-/
fragility...... /frə'dʒılətı/


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