#
Pathology_Flasback:
Neoplasia:
Uncontrolled cell division & growth, usually arising from a single cell (Monoclonal) in contrast to hyperplasia. Neoplasia either benign or malignant.
#Why_Neoplasia_develop?
1-DNA damage (Mutations).
2- Immunodeficiency: predispose to cancer.
#Where_Mutations_Occur?
Genes.
#Which_genes?
1-Tumor suppressor genes: Retinoblastoma(Rb), VHL and Protien 53.
2 -
Regulators of apoptōsis: BCL2 (over expression lengthen cell life span).
3 -
Proto-Oncogenes: normally those genes promote cell growth and differentiation. Mutation of these genes (Oncogenesis) predisposes to neoplasm.
#What_Causes_Mutations?
Carcinogens.
#Common_Carcinoges:
1- Chemical & Toxins: Aflatoxin, CCL4, Benzene... etc.
2- Viral: HBV, HCV, HHV8, EBV, HTLV & HPV.
3- Radiation: Ionizing and non ionizing.
#To_be_continued.
#Reference:
1)Goljan rabid pathology review.
2)Dr hussein abdisattar manuscript "Pathoma".
3)UWORLD Surgery (#Von_hippel_Lindau_Syndrome).
