Surgery collections Videos and quizez 2021

2022-11-06 08:01:02 Open / Comment

2022-11-05 20:00:55 Educational objective: Guillain-Barre syndrome is an acute demyelinating polyneuropathy.
It is thought to be due to molecular
mimicry and is commonly preceded by an upper respiratory viral illness or gastroenteritis. Segmental demyelination of the peripheral nerves and an endoneural inflammatory infiltrate are seen on light Open / Comment

2022-11-05 09:00:21 Open / Comment

2022-11-05 08:59:02 A 32-year-old man is brought to the emergency department due to weakness and tingling that started in his feet and is now at his knees. A week ago, the patient noticed that his legs felt weak while climbing stairs. Since then, the weakness has progressively worsened every day. Today, he fell twice when attempting to walk. Medical history is insignificant, except for a mild respiratory infection 2 weeks ago that resolved spontaneously. The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs. He takes no medications. Vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows marked weakness in the distal muscles and moderate weakness in the proximal muscles in both legs. Deep tendon reflexes are absent at the knees. Open / Comment

2022-11-04 20:59:01 Educational objective: The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) supplies the medial aspects of the frontal and parietal lobes, which contain the upper motor neurons responsible for contralateral lower extremity motor control. Thromboembolic occlusion of the ACA characteristically results in contralateral lower extremity weakness with hyperreflexia. Open / Comment

2022-11-04 09:59:22 Open / Comment

2022-11-04 09:58:44 A 64-year-old man comes to the emergency department due to left lower extremity weakness. The patient was asymptomatic when he went to bed the night before, but he has had difficulty standing after waking up today. He has had no headache, double vision, or back pain. Medical history is significant for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and myocardial infarction. Temperature is 37 C (98.6 F), blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, and pulse is 110/min and irregularly irregular. Left lower extremity examination shows motor power is 0/5, deep tendon reflexes are 3+, and Babinski sign is present. Right lower extremity examination is normal. Open / Comment

2022-11-03 08:50:03 Open / Comment

2022-11-03 08:49:02 A 34-year-old man is evaluated in the clinic due to persistent buzzing in his right ear for the past 6 months. The patient also has decreased hearing on the right side. He has had no fever, ear pain, runny nose, sore throat, or cough. The patient does not use cotton swabs and has not been exposed to loud noise. He tried using over-the-counter oral pseudoephedrine with no improvement in his symptoms. On physical examination, there is no sinus tenderness, and mucous membranes are moist without erythema or exudate. Otoscopic examination reveals normal-appearing external auditory canals bilaterally with pinkishgrey tympanic membranes. MRI of the brain reveals an intracranial tumor Open / Comment

2022-11-02 20:46:01 Educational objective: West Nile virus is harbored in birds and transmitted to humans by mosquitos. Most patients are asymptomatic, but the virus can cause an influenza-like illness or neuroinvasive disease with meningitis, encephalitis, and flaccid paralysis. Open / Comment