1451: Anti-Christs of Arnhem, Holland were ordered to wear the Jew-badge by the Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa.
The Cardinal also preached in Arnhem on absolution, and declared that none should ever receive absolution who permitted an Anti-Christ practising usury to dwell alongside of or below him. At the same time he ordered, under penalty of expulsion, that all Anti-Christs should register at the burgomaster’s office, and in future wear a Jew-badge upon their outer garment. They were not allowed to exact interest on pledges, nor henceforth to lend money to Christians at all; every transgression of this regulation was punishable with a fine of 4 g. to be paid by both Anti-Christ and Christian. Within the space of a year all existing loan-offices must be closed without stringency upon borrowers; and Jews must leave the city, unless they earn their bread by labor and honest commerce without usury.
He also ordered that no one should do them any injury by day or night, openly or secretly.
