.

2021-10-01 20:35:46 INORGANIC IN SHOTS

Increasings or Decreasing Order

01. Melting point=
Li > Na > K > Rb > Cs

02. Colour of the flame=
Li-Red, Na-Golden, K-Violet, Rb-Red, Cs-Blue, Ca-Brick red, Sr-Blood red, Ba-Apple green

03. Stability of hydrides =
LiH > NaH > KH > RbH> CsH

04. Basic nature of hydroxides=
LIOH < NaOH < KOH < RbOH < CsOH

05. Hydration energy=
Li> Na > K> Rb > Cs

06.) Reducing character=
Li > Cs > Rb > K > Na

07. Stability of +3 oxidation state=
B> Al > Ga > In > T1

08. Stability of +1 oxidation state= Ga < In < TI

09. Basic nature of the oxides and hydroxides=
B< Al< Ga < In < TI

10. Relative strength of Lewis acid= BF3 < BCl3 < BBr3 < BI3

11. Ionisation energy=
B> Al In SiO2 > Ge02 > SnO2 > PbO2

15. Reducing nature of hydrides=
CH4 < SiH4 < GeH4 < SnH4 < PbH4

16. Thermal stability of tetrahalides=
CCl4> SiCl4> GeCl4> SnCl4 > PbCl4

17. Oxidising character of M+4 species=
GeCl4 < SnCl4 < PbCl4

18. Ease of hydrolysis of tetrahalides=
SiCl4 < GeCl4 < SnCl4 < PbCI4

19. Acidic strength of trioxides=
N203 > P2O3 > As2O3

20. Acidic strength of pentoxides=
N2O2 > P2O2> As202 > Sb2O2 > Bi‌202

21) Acidic strength of oxides of nitrogen=
N2O < NO PH3 > AsH3 > SbH3 > BiH3

23. Stability of trihalides of nitrogen=
NF3 > NCl3 > NBr3

24.Lewis base strength=
NF3 PCI3 > AsCl3 > SbCl3 > BiCl3

26.Lewis acid strength of trihalides of P, As, and Sb=
PCl3 > ASCl3 > SbCl3

27. Lewis acid strength among phosphorus trihalides
PF3 > PCl3 > PBr3 > PI3

(28) Melting and boiling point of hydrides=
H2O > H2Te > H2Se >H2S

29. Volatility of hydrides=
H2O < H2Te < H2Se < H2S

30. Reducing nature of hydrides=
H2S < H2Se < H2Te

31. Covalent character of hydrides=
H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te

32. The acidic character of oxides (elements in the same oxidation state)=
SO2 > SeO2 > TeO2 > PoO2
SO3 > SeO3 > TeO3

33. Acidic character of oxide of a particular element (e.g. S)=
SO < SO2 < SO3
SO2 > TeO2 > SeO2 > PoO2

34. Bond energy of halogens=
Cl2 > Br2 > F2 > I2

35. Solubility of halogen in water =
F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2

36. Oxidising power=
F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2

37. Enthalpy of hydration of X ion=
F- > Cl- > Br- >I-

38. Reactivity of halogens:=
F> Cl> Br > I

39. Ionic character of M-X bond in halides
= M-F > M-Cl > MBr > M-I

40. Reducing character of X ion:=
I- > Br- > Cl- > F-

41. Acidic strength of halogen acids=
HI > HBr > HCI > HF

42 Reducing property of hydrogen halides
= HF < HCL < HBr < HI

43. Oxidising power of oxides of chlorine
= Cl2O > ClO2 > Cl206 > Cl2O7

44. Decreasing ionic size=
02- > F- > Na+ > Mg2+

45 Increasing acidic property=
Na2O3 < MgO < ZnO< P205

46 Increasing bond length=
N2 <02 < F2 < CL2

47 Increasing size=
Ca2+ < Cl- < S2-

48 Increasing acid strength=
HClO < HClO2 < HClO3 < HClO4

49 Increasing oxidation number of iodine=
HI< I2. Open / Comment

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2021-10-01 12:34:56 Cultivable species of fresh water fishes -

Indigenous species :

1. Catla catla (Catla)
2. Labeo rohita (Rohu) – Most common carp
3. Labeo calbasu (Calbasu)
4. Cirrhinus mrigala (Mrigal)
5. Clarius batrachus (Magur)

Exotic species :

-Cyprinus carpio (Common carp)
- Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp)
- Hypopthalmicthys molitrix (chinese carp/silver carp)

Marine fishes - are generally rich in Omega-3-fatty acids.

1. Hilsa (Hilsa)
2. Salmo (Salmon)
3. Sardinella (Sardine)
4. Harpodon (Bombay duck)
5. Stomaleous (Pomfret) - Introdued in Indian sea by foreigners
6. Rastrelliger (Mackerel)

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2021-09-30 15:48:08 Very Important Points Microbes in Human Welfare

Some other common products of yeast fermentation are –

1. Beer – It is produced from Hordeum VulgareBarely malt and alcohol content is 3-6%

2. Wine – Produced from grapes, alcohol content is 10-20%.

3. Brandy – Produced by distilation of wine and alcohol content is 60-70%

4. Gin – Produced from European Rye-Scale cereal, alcohol content is 40%.

5. Rum – Produced from Molasses of Sugarcane and alcohol contents is 40%

For More Scroll Up Wait For Next Post Open / Comment

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2021-09-29 12:50:35 Green Algae :- Chlorophyceae

Brown algae :- Phaeophyceae

Red algae :- Rhodophyceae


Dominant pigments

Chlorophyceae :- Chlorophyll a and b

Phaeophyceae :- Chlorophyll a and c

Rhodophyceae :- Chlorophyll a and d


Reserved food material

Chlorophyceae : - Starch, Proteins, Oil droplets

Phaeophyceae : - Laminarian starch and Mannitol

Rhodophyceae : - Floridian starch similar to Amylopectin and Glycogen Open / Comment

2021-09-28 04:58:18 Application of Electromagnetism in Physics (including the Faraday’s Law):


Faraday’s Law is a fundamental law of electromagnetism. This law has widespread applications in various fields including industries, electrical machines etc. some of the major ones are listed below:

Electrical Transformers
This is a static device which is used for increasing or decreasing thhe voltage or current. It has its applications in generating station, transmission and distribution system. The transformer works on Faraday's law.

Electrical Generators
The basic working principle of electrical generator is Faraday's law of mutual induction .Electric generator is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Induction Cookers
The Induction cooker also works on principle of mutual induction. When current flows through the coil of copper wire placed below a cooking container, it produces a changing magnetic field. This alternating or changing magnetic field induces an emf and hence the current in the conductive container.

Electromagnetic Flow Meters
It is used to measure velocity of blood and certain fluids. When a magnetic field is applied to electrically insulating pipe in which conducting fluids are flowing then according to Faraday's law an electromotive force is induced in it. This induced emf is proportional to velocity of fluid flowing.

Musical Instruments
It is also used in musical instruments like electric guitar, electric violin etc. Open / Comment

2021-09-26 15:21:54 BORON:
•In casting of copper as a dioxidizer
•Boron rods used in automic reactor.
•Boron fiber used in bullet proof jacket,
•In composite material of aircraft
•Used in braintumer therapy.

BORAX:
•As a flux for soldring metal.
•In borex bead test
•In softning of water
•Antiseptic
•Manufacturing of enamels of glazes, tiles.
•For making optical and borosilicals SS.
•Food preservative

ALUMINIUM:
• Making house hold, untensils, frames, roof,aircrafts.
• Electric wire.
•Thermite process (In metallurgy of Cr, Mn, Fe)
•For transportin nitric acid.
•AI, Hg used as reducing agent.
•Aluminium powder + Ammonium nitrate.

LEAD [Pb]:
•In making telegraph and telephone wires
•Making bullets
•Making chamber in HSO, process.

NITROGEN:
•In the manufacturing of HNO3, NH3, CaCN2.
•Liquid nitrogen used as refrigrant.
•Inert atmosphere in metallurgy.
•Gas thermometer and electrical bulb

NH3:
• Refrigeration
•Manufacturing HNO3, NaHCO3
•Artificial Silk.
• Urea Formation
•For solvent

HNO3:
• Manufacturing of ammonium nitrateas fertilizer.
•In explosive
• For making nitroglycerine.
• Making TNT.
• Pickling against of stainless steel.
• Etching of Metal
•Oxidizer in rocket fule. Open / Comment