UPSC Environment Ecology PSIR

2021-07-21 13:40:23 Hello Everyone,

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2021-07-20 19:30:03 #Environment_Acts

Environment Protection Act, 1986

Environment Protection Act, 1986 was established by an Act of Parliament after the Bhopal Tragedy.

“Environmental Pollutant” connotes solid, liquid, or gas which can be injurious to the environment, according to the Environment Protection Act, 1986. It connotes imbalance in the environment, according to the Environment Protection Act, 1986. 

The objectives of The Environmental Protection Act 1986 are to implement the decisions taken by the United Nations Conference on Human Environments on the ground. Open / Comment

2021-07-20 14:26:34 GARBA

#Infographics
#IAS
#UPSC

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2021-07-18 19:08:34 New life at Assam’s Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary

It has the highest concentration of one-horned rhinos in the world and is often called ‘Mini Kaziranga’ due to similar landscape and vegetation.

Pobitora is popularly known as ‘miniature Kaziranga’ for its highest density of one horned rhino in Assam.

It is situated in the flood plains of River Brahmaputra in the district of Morigaon and 45 kms from Guwahati.

Once the grazing reserve of erstwhile Nagaon district, Pobitora came into limelight during 1961-62 for the presence of one horned rhino (Rhinoceros Unicornis). Open / Comment

2021-07-17 16:40:30 #Tiger_Riserves_India

#Mangroves_forests

Sundarban Tiger Reserve

Covering a massive area of 2585 sq km, Sunderban is home to the much acclaimed Royal Bengal tiger. It also houses a large number of highly endangered species that include aquatic mammals and reptiles.

This tiger reserve has numerous creeks and tributaries that come from three rivers namely Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna.

A UNESCO world heritage site, this tiger reserve is located at the southern most tip of West Bengal, the place where the wetland meets the glorious sea.

Apart from being the largest tiger reserve and National Park in the Indian Subcontinent, it also has the largest mangrove forest and has an unique estuarine mangrove ecosystem that has amazed environmentalists to a great extent.

Unlike other National Park and Tiger Reserves in India where jeeps and roads serve for sightseeing purposes, Sunderbans uses boats for transportation and sightseeing. Open / Comment

2021-07-17 16:40:30 WHAT IS AN ECOREGION?

WWF defines an Ecoregion as a ‘large unit of land or water containing a geographically distinct assemblage of species, natural communities, and environmental conditions.’

Biodiversity is not spread evenly across the Earth, but follows complex patterns determined by climate, geology, and the evolutionary history of the planet.

These patterns are called ‘Ecoregions’. The boundaries of an Ecoregion are not fixed and sharp, but rather encompass an area within which important ecological, and evolutionary processes most strongly interact.

Developed by WWF scientists, in collaboration with regional experts around the world, the Global Ecoregions is a science-based global ranking of the Earth’s most biologically outstanding terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats. Open / Comment

2021-07-15 19:41:26 Shaping India’s green future

Why in news: Pandemic and global warming are giving clear warning that India must move to a more sustainable and greener future.

Background:

Frequency of extreme weather events, heat waves, and deadly droughts have increased.
Recent Cyclones Tauktae and Yaas have caused death and destruction on India’s western and eastern coasts.
The zoonotic (such as SARS, MERS, and AIDS) viruses are spreading because of destruction of natural habitats.
As per Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, global carbon emission must reach net-zero by 2050 to keep warming within 1.5 degrees centigrade by 2100.
However, world with current emissions will warm up the planet by 3 degrees.
India being one of the largest emitters has immense pressure to bring carbon emission down to net-zero by mid-century.
Climate change is a slow-motion global disaster.
It destroys planet’s temperate climate and diminishes the lives of children.

Benefits of net Zero emission approach:

Firstly, net-zero technologies, such as solar power and electric vehicles, are likely to be much more efficient.
it will drive economic growth and create high-quality jobs.
It will also end the trade-off between development and emission reductions.

Secondly, the rest of the world might impose high carbon taxes on exports from carbon-emitting countries.
Therefore, India may be disadvantaged relative to our peer economies and face significant export challenges.
A legally binding net-zero target will be beneficial diplomatically and lead to much more supportive technology transfer and global trade agreements.
Thirdly, it will help in building the necessary state capacity.
it will promote a stable government framework and policy predictability.
India can promote entrepreneurship and build a more competitive, sustainable future.

Challenges in path of carbon neutrality:

Firstly, India need to transform electricity generation, transportation, construction, real estate, agriculture, cement, steel, and many other industries.
Secondly, due to financial constraints faced by Central and state governments it requires involvement of private sector capital.
Thirdly, India will need competitive, advanced technologies and business models. For long-term, sustainable prosperity

Benefits of low carbon approach:

Net zero approach is impractical for India considering high transition cost.

Firstly, India is not obliged to follow net zero approach under Common but differentiated responsibility.
Secondly, India can adopt longer phase out period such as by 2080 or even later.
Thirdly, clear sectoral targets are needed for both private and public sector. such as the current 450-Gw target for solar energy.
It would also provide a clear sectoral road map for the private sector for its investment plans.
it would allow slow decommission and investment requirements would be reduced.
It will help in moving people out of high-carbon industries.

India needs coordinated policies and actions to ensure rapid peaking in carbon emission and a steeper decline thereafter

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#gs3
#environment
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2021-07-13 20:29:10 #Environment #Geography
■"Arctic's 'Last lce Area' shows earlier-than-expected melt"

A part of the Arctic's ice called "Last lce Area", Located north of Greenland, has melted before expected

Scientists had believed this area was strong enough to withstand global warming.

●About Arctic's "last ice area'':

In an article published in 2015, the National Geographic noted that while climate projections forecast the total disappearance of summer ice in the Arctic by the year 2040, the only place that would be able to withstand a warming climate would be this area of ice called the "Last lce Area".

●Why is the area important?

Because it was thought to be able to help ice-dependent species as ice in the surrounding areas melted away.

The area is used by polar bears to hunt for seals who use ice to build dens for their offspring. Walruses too, use the surface of the ice for foraging.

●What was the main reason for sudden ice losss?

The main cause for the sudden ice loss was extraordinary strong winds that pushed the ice out the region and down the coast of Greenland. However, thinning sea ice from decades of climate change was a significant factor.

In the past, thicker Wandel Sea ice would have resisted the strong winds but in 2020 it was thinner and "more easily broken up and pushed out.

SOURCE - INDIAN EXPRESS Open / Comment

2021-07-13 20:28:06 Open / Comment