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2021-06-17 12:08:04 National Geographic recognises ‘Southern Ocean’ as globe’s fifth ocean:

The National Geographic magazine has recognised the ‘Southern Ocean’ as the world’s fifth ocean.

1 The Southern Ocean is the only ocean ‘to touch three other oceans and to completely embrace a continent rather than being embraced by them’.

2 Its northern limit is a latitude of 60 degrees south.

3 It is also defined by its Antarctic Circumpolar Current that was formed 34 million years ago. The current flows from west to east around Antarctica.

The International Hydrographic Organization too had recognised the term in 1937 before repealing it in 1953.

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2021-06-17 12:05:18 What is PASIPHAE, and why is it important?

Polar-Areas Stellar-Imaging in Polarisation High-Accuracy Experiment (PASIPHAE) is an international collaborative sky surveying project.

• Scientists aim to study the polarisation in the light coming from millions of stars.

Background:
Polarization is a property of light that represents the direction that the light wave oscillates.

How will the survey be carried out?

1 The survey will use two high-tech optical polarimeters to observe the northern and southern skies, simultaneously.

2 It will focus on capturing starlight polarisation of very faint stars that are so far away that polarisation signals from there have not been systematically studied.

3 The distances to these stars will be obtained from measurements of the GAIA satellite.

4 By combining these data, astronomers will perform a maiden magnetic field tomography mapping of the interstellar medium of very large areas of the sky using a novel polarimeter instrument known as WALOP (Wide Area Linear Optical Polarimeter).

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