Just for Information: 'First generation reforms' means stroke | ECONOMY by VIVEK SINGH

Just for Information:

"First generation reforms" means stroke of the pen reforms. This means Govt. is just changing something in law/rules and regulations. For example in 1991 we increased Foreign Investment (FDI) limits in various sectors just by changing the FDI rules and increasing limits with the stroke of the pen.

"Second generation reforms" It involves establishing complex government organizations. This means creation of State/Govt capacity through building organizations, developing a strong team of people in the organization to implement the reforms, developing processes etc. For example in case of FDI reforms ... setting up Organizations within the Govt. (say DPIIT) to promote FDI and to vet proposals for FDI and to ease various regulatory restriction for FDI and smoothening the process to bring more FDI can be considered as second generation reforms.