SOIL SCIENCE Parent Material: It is that mass (consolidate | Agriculture Exams Library

SOIL SCIENCE

Parent Material: It is that mass (consolidated material) from which the soil has formed.
Two groups of parent material

i) Sedentary: Formed in original place. It is the residual parent material. The parent
material differ as widely as the rocks.

ii) Transported: The parent material transported from their place of origin. They are
named according to the main force responsible for the transport and redeposition.

a) By gravity - Colluvial
b) By water - Alluvial, Marine, Locustrine
c) By ice - Glacial
d) By wind - Eolian

Colluvium: It is the poorly sorted materials near the base of strong slopes transported by the action of gravity.

Alluvium: The material transported and deposited by water is, found along major stream
courses at the bottom of slopes of mountains and along small streams flowing out of drainage basins.

Locustrine: Consists of materials that have settled out of the quiet water of lakes.

Moraine: Consists of all the materials picked up, mixed, disintegrated, transported and
deposited through the action of glacial ice or of water resulting primarily from melting of
glaciers.

Loess or Aeolian: These are the wind blown materials.

When the texture is silty - loess;

when it is sand - Eolian.

The soils developed on such transported parent materials bear the name of the parent
material; viz. Alluvial soils from alluvium, Colluvial soils from Colluvium etc.

In the initial stages, however, the soil properties are mainly determined by the kind of parent
material.

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