#Entomology Based on the number and location of functional sp | Agriculture Exams Library
#Entomology
Based on the number and location of functional spiracles respiratory system is classified as follows. 1. Holopneustic:10 pairs, 2 in thorax and 8 in abdomen. e.g.grasshopper.
2. Hemipneustic: Out of 10 pairs, one or two non-functional.
3. Peripneustic: 9 pairs - 1 in thorax 8 in abdomen e.g. Caterpillar.
4. Amphipneustic 2 pairs - One anterior, one posterior, e.g. maggot.
5. Propneustic: 1 pair -anterior pair e.g. Puparium.
