Space radiation is different from what we experience on Earth. It is comprised of atoms in which electrons have been stripped away as the atom accelerated in interstellar space to speeds approaching the speed of light – eventually, only the nucleus of the atom remains.
Our biggest source of radiation is the Sun. Energetic particles can be dangerous to humans because they pass right through the skin, depositing energy and damaging cells or DNA along the way.
Fortunately for us, Earth’s huge magnetic bubble, called the magnetosphere, deflects the vast majority of these particles and protects our planet. And our atmosphere absorbs the majority of particles that do make it through the magnetosphere.
However, beyond Low Earth Orbit, space radiation may place astronauts at significant risk for radiation sickness, and increased lifetime risk for cancer, central nervous system effects, and degenerative diseases...
