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2023-03-11 06:38:03 Women in Engineering, Science, and Technology (WEST)

Why In News : a new I-STEM (Indian Science Technology and Engineering facilities Map) initiative called “Women in Engineering, Science, and Technology (WEST)” was launched.

Empowering Women: The WEST programme will cater to women with a STEM background and empower them to contribute to the science, technology, and innovation ecosystem.
Separate platform to scientifically inclined women: Through the WEST initiative, I-STEM shall provide a separate platform to scientifically inclined women researchers, scientists, and technologists for pursuing research in basic or applied sciences in frontier areas of science and engineering.
Skill Development: The Skill Development programmes under the WEST initiative will provide training for women with S&T backgrounds to brush up on their abilities and become engaged “in the field” as lab technicians and maintenance engineers, filling crucial gaps in the R&D infrastructure of the country.

Opportunities:

Women may join the WEST program and explore opportunities to become stakeholders in various domains and pursue careers in R&D at various levels:
technicians,
technologists,
scientists, and
entrepreneurs.
Opportunities range from operating scientific equipment and maintaining them, to designing and manufacturing them.
Women can become entrepreneurs to serve as consultants for the operation and maintenance of sophisticated equipment/instruments through the I-STEM platform.

Dedicated Team: A dedicated team of women will ensure the successful implementation of the WEST initiative.
Strong Support Network: The access to R&D facilities and R&D software platforms (COMSOL, MATLAB, LABVIEW, AUTOCAD) available through the I-STEM portal will form a strong support network for women entrepreneurs in S&T.

Significance for WEST :

Addressing Underrepresentation of Women: The country's competent female labor force will be fully utilized to make the historical underrepresentation of women in these disciplines fade away.
Bridging Skill Gap: This would go a long way towards filling a “skills gap”, and putting publicly-funded equipment to good use.
Bringing Women to S&T Domains: This initiative will also help bring women back into S&T domains after a career break. Under the WEST initiative, the current support being provided to S&T startups by women entrepreneurs by I-STEM will be enhanced.
Reducing Gender Wage Gap: Granting women equal chances would not only help close the gender wage gap in the profession but also improve their economic stability and well-being.

Indian Science, Technology and Engineering facilities Map (I-STEM)

I-STEM is a dynamic and interactive national portal, which hosts various scientific programs.
Initiated by: the office of the Principal Scientific Adviser, Government of India.
It is the umbrella under which many programmes for promoting collaborations in R&D and technological innovation among and between academia and industry, especially startups, are underway.
I-STEM shall provide a platform/forum for women researchers to deliberate on achievements, issues, and exchange ideas on taking the country forward through advances in science, technology, and innovation.
In addition, a digital consortium “Connect Quickly” for online discussion and immediate support has also been established through the I-STEM WhatsApp and Telegram platforms.

Way Ahead

Given the importance of technology in future growth and innovation, strategies targeted at training and keeping women in engineering, science, and technology (WEST) fields must be promoted.
More participation of women on I-STEM is the need of hour.
I-STEM needs to monitor the impact of the initiative by obtaining feedback and putting steps in place to increase the wider participation of women in WEST and I-STEM.

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2023-03-10 06:56:57 Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cell T Therapy

Why in News: the researchers have said that India’s first indigenously developed Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cell T therapy for specific types of cancer patients has shown promising results and could be the safest therapy in this category so far.

What is CAR-T cell therapy?

CAR-T cells are a patient’s own immune cells that are genetically engineered in the laboratory to fight cancer.
CAR-T cell is a prospective therapy that has ushered in a new era of curing refractory and stubborn cancers.
CAR T cell therapy is used as third or second-line treatment for patients of specific types of cancers of blood and lymph nodes. In India, those willing to undergo this treatment have to travel to other countries, mostly the US.
T-cell receptor is widely used in developed nations for immunotherapy during cancer treatment.
However, the technology was not available in India yet.

How does it work?

The therapy targets leukaemia and lymphoma.
Leukaemia is cancer of blood-forming tissues, including bone marrow.
Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, which is part of the body's germ-fighting network.
It uses lentiviral technology.
In gene therapy, this is a method of inserting, modifying, or deleting genes in organisms using lentivirus, a family of viruses responsible for diseases such as AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).
As part of the treatment, a specific type of white blood cells called T cells are changed in the lab so they can find and destroy cancer cells.
It is also sometimes referred to as a type of cell-based gene therapy because it involves altering genes inside T cells to help them attack cancerous cells.

Significance

HCAR19 therapy : The participants received autologous HCAR19 therapy (humanised CAR 19 therapy developed by IIT Bombay and it was observed that there were no dose-limiting toxicities and only low grade Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) was seen in 40 percent of participants.
No neurotoxicity syndrome : None of the participants had immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome.
Safer version : Overall, the novel humanised HCAR19 tested in phase one clinical trials for adult lymphoma was found to be safe and has shown promising early signs of activity.
No deaths : Post-CAR-T cell therapy none of the participants required ICU admission and there were no CAR-T treatment related deaths.

Therapy in India/ Way forward

Two start-ups : ImmunoACT along with Immuneel Therapeutics are two startups currently working to make CAR T cell therapy available in India.
Low cost therapy : Both of these companies have said the therapy would be available in the country at a fraction of cost charged for the treatment in the developed countries like the US where it can cost about Rs 2-3 crore.

Source HT


#Biotechnology Open / Comment

2023-03-09 17:39:10 प्रिय अभ्यर्थी,

होली पर्व के शुभ अवसर पर संस्कृति IAS आपके लिये लेकर आया है विशेष छूट, ऑफर 1 - 10 मार्च तक उपलब्ध है।

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