2022-02-06 17:39:21
Chemical Thermodynamics:
Basic Terminology:
System- Part of the universe under investigation.
Open System- A system which can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings.
Closed System- A system which permits passage of energy but not mass, across its boundary.
Isolated system- A system which can neither exchange energy nor matter with its surrounding.
Surroundings- Part of the universe other than system, which can interact with it.
Boundary- Anything which separates system from surrounding.
State variables- The variables which are required to be defined in order to define state of any system i.e. pressure, volume, mass, temperature, surface area, etc.
State Functions- Property of system which depend only on the state of the system and not on the path. Example: Pressure, volume, temperature, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy etc.
Intensive properties- Properties of a system which do not depend on mass of the system i.e. temperature, pressure, density, concentration,
Extensive properties- Properties of a system which depend on mass of the system i.e. volume, energy, enthalpy, entropy etc.
Process- Path along which state of a system changes.
Isothermal process- Process which takes place at constant temperature
Isobaric process- Process which takes place at constant pressure
Isochoric process- Process which takes place at constant volume.
Adiabatic process- Process during which transfer of heat cannot take place between system and surrounding.
Cyclic process- Process in which system comes back to its initial state after undergoing series of changes.
Reversible process- Process during which the system always departs infinitesimally from the state of equilibrium i.e. its direction can be reversed at any moment.
Irriversible Process- This type of process is fast and gets completed in a single step. This process cannot be reversed. All the natural processes are of this type
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