Drug–Drug Interactions: Most new drugs enter clinical trials | PPDPROGRAM-INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY
Drug–Drug Interactions:
Most new drugs enter clinical trials with varying amounts of information.
the increased availability of human tissue, and the development of reliable model systems and sensitive assay
methods for studying drug metabolism in vitro. In fact, in vitro methodology has become increasingly ‘‘standardized’’ and has been widely accepted by academic institutions, the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agencies. However, while in vitro approaches can be used to screen large numbers of compounds preclinically, it is recognized that accurate forecasting of drug–drug interaction is predi-cated on sound knowledge of in vivo pharmacokinetics and the availability of
validated in vitro–in vivo correlations.
All effective drugs have the potential for producing both benefits and risks, associated with desired and undesired effects. The particular response by a patient is driven in one way or another by the concentration of the drug, and sometimes
its metabolites, at the effect sites within the body. Accordingly, it is useful to partition the relationship between drug administration and response into two
phases, a pharmacokinetic phase, which relates drug administration to concentrations within the body produced over time, and a pharmacodynamic phase, which relates response (desired and undesired) produced to concentration. In so doing, we can better understand, for example, why patients vary in their response to drugs, which includes genetics, age, disease, and other drugs.
Important Drug Information to Pharmacists :
1. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Concepts.
2. In Vitro Enzyme Kinetics Applied to Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes.
3. Human Cytochromes P450 and Their Role in Metabolism-Based
Drug–Drug Interactions.
4. Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases and Their Role in Drug–Drug Interactions.
5. Drug–Drug Interactions Involving the Membrane Transport
Process.
6. The Role of P Glycoprotein in Drug Disposition: Significance to Drug Development.
7. The Role of the Gut Mucosa in Metabolically Based Drug–Drug Interactions.
8. Mechanism-Based Inhibition of Human Cytochromes P450:
In Vitro Kinetics and In Vitro–In Vivo Correlations.
9. Prediction of Metabolic Drug Interactions: Quantitative or Qualitative?
10. Studying Induction and Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Humans.
11. Drug–Drug Interactions: Clinical Perspective.
12. Drug–Drug Interactions:Toxicological Perspectives.
13. Assessing Drug–Drug Interactions:
A Regulatory Perspective.
14. Drug–Drug Interactions: Marketing Perspectives.
برنامج تطوير مهنة الصيدلة
مدير البرنامج
أ.د/ محمود مهيوب البريهي
أستاذ صيدلانيات والصيدلة الصناعية
كلية الصيدلة جامعة صنعاء
قناة برنامج تطوير مهنة الصيدلة بالتليجرام:
https://t.me/ppdprogram
