2021-11-09 15:14:00
#amazing_Ukraine
Dear friends, today is the day of the Ukrainian language
The oldest mention of the Ukrainian language dates back to 858, and for the first time, the Ukrainian language was equated to the level of the literary language at the end of the 18th century after the publication of the first edition of the «Eneida» in 1798, authored by Ivan Kotliarevskyi, who is considered the founder of the new Ukrainian literary language.
According to the genealogical classification, the Ukrainian language belongs to the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic group of the Indo-European language family. The closest genealogical to the Ukrainian language is the Belarusian language.
In terms of vocabulary, the closest to Ukrainian is the Belarusian language (84% of the general vocabulary), then Polish (70%), Slovak (68%) and Russian (62%).
The Ukrainian language is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, and by the number of speakers, it is the 26th in the world. It is native to 37 million people and second native to another 15 million.
The modern Ukrainian language has three main dialects: northern, southwestern and southeastern.
According to the dictionary of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the modern Ukrainian language has around 256 thousand words, and it is included in the list of languages that are being successfully developed at present.
The first Ukrainian ABC book (“Азбука”) was printed in 1574 in Lviv by the first printer Ivan Fedorov.
In the Ukrainian language, there are three forms of the future tense. Simple, compound, and complex. The future tense of the first person singular of an imperfect type in Ukrainian has a different form without a prefix: «знатиму», «говоритиму», «робитиму», etc.
Ukrainian is one of the most beautiful languages in the world. At a language competition in Italy, it was recognized as the second most melodic language in the world (after Italian).
The Ukrainian alphabet actually includes two versions of the letter “Г”.
One character corresponding to the “ordinary” Slavic “Г г”, stands for a guttural fricative sound between “Г” and “Х”, as in the words “говорити” or “гора”. A character in the form of a letter “Ґ ґ” is a voiced sonorous sound (for example, “ґaвa” – crow).
The most common letter in Ukrainian alphabet is “П”.
The largest number of words begins with this character. There are even whole stories consisting of words beginning with letter only “П” – Приїздіть, пане Павле,- писав поважний правитель повіту Полікарп. The sentence that starts the story means Come visit us, Mr. Pavel, – wrote the respectable ruler of the county Polycarp.
Nouns in Ukrainian have seven cases. One of them is the vocative сase or, literally, “the calling case” – кличний. Historically, the “calling” form was an element of the Indo-European system of cases and existed in Latin, Sanskrit, and Ancient Greek. For example, the word “пан” (master, sir) has a vocative case, even in the plural – ” панове”, which corresponds to the appeal of “gentlemen”.
Ukrainian likes it cute and sweet. The language is immensely rich in diminutive forms – the way to make a word more cutesy and “small”. (Think “kitty” from “kitten” or “Timmy” from “Tim”.) All personal names in addition to a neutral informal “short” name have also a rude-familiar or friendly and diminutive forms.
Some claim that Ukrainian has over 5 million synonyms. According to the publication “Brief Dictionary of Synonyms of the Ukrainian Language”, in which 4279 synonymous series were developed, the word “бити” (beat, hit, fight) has the most synonyms in the language – a total of 45.
Ukrainian isn’t only European
Outside of Europe, Ukrainian has a semi-official status in the United States, in Cook County, Illinois. In this district, there are about 5.5 million people, including the city of Chicago, together with the suburbs.
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