International Medical Index Channel

2022-08-04 00:12:41 Cervical spinal cord

This is a ventral view of the cervical spinal cord with the dura incised to reveal the ventral roots and the anterior spinal artery. The pial layer is closely adherent to the surface of the spinal cord and can not be separated from the underlying spinal tissue. However, on the lateral margins of the spinal cord the pial layer extends outward as the denticulate ligament.

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2022-08-04 00:10:29 International Medical Channels and Groups:

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2022-07-31 19:28:04 Bacteria display many cell morphologies and arrangements

Most bacterial species are either spherical, called cocci, or rod shaped, called bacilli. Some bacteria, called vibrio, are shaped like slightly curved rods or comma shaped; others can be spiral shaped, called spirilla, or tightly coiled, called spirochaetes. A small number of other unusual shapes have been described, such as star-shaped bacteria. This wide variety of shapes is determined by the bacterial cell wall and cytoskeleton, and is important because it can influence the ability of bacteria to acquire nutrients, attach to surfaces, swim through liquids and escape predators.
Most bacterial species exist simply as single cells; others associate in characteristic patterns: Neisseria forms diploids (pairs), streptococci form chains, and staphylococci group together in "bunch of grapes" clusters.

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2022-07-31 19:22:57 Normal transthoracic echocardiography (Four chamber view)

RV = right ventricle
LV = left ventricle
RA = right atrium
LA = left atrium
IVS = interventricular septum
TVSL = tricuspid valve septal leaflet
TVAL = tricuspid valve anterior leaflet
MVAL = mitral valve anterior leaflet
MVPL = mitral valve posterior leaflet
IAS = interatrial septum
LIPV = left inferior pulmonic vein
RSPV = right superior pulmonic vein

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2022-07-20 19:05:56 A tumor marker is a biomarker found in blood, urine or body tissues that can be elevated by the presence of one or more types of cancer. There are many different tumor markers, each indicative of a particular disease process, and they are used in oncology to help detect the presence of cancer. An elevated level of a tumor marker can indicate cancer; however, there can also be other causes of elevated level of a tumor marker. Tumor markers can be produced directly by the tumor or by non-tumor cells as a response to the presence of a tumor.

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2022-07-14 18:20:55 Normal sinus rhythm (NSR) vs. abnormal heart rhythms

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2022-07-11 16:15:17 A gallbladder with multiple gallstones

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2022-07-07 16:47:33 A large blood clot removed using rigid bronchoscopy, showing a ‘coral shape’ representing the tracheobronchial tree

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2022-07-05 17:37:49 Chondrosarcoma of the proximal right humerus

Chondrosarcoma is a bone sarcoma, a primary cancer composed of cells derived from transformed cells that produce cartilage. A chondrosarcoma is a member of a category of tumors of bone and soft tissue known as sarcomas.

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2022-07-01 17:09:27 The pancreas is an organ of the digestive system and endocrine system. Pancreas is located in the abdomen behind the stomach and functions as a gland. The pancreas is a mixed or heterocrine gland, i.e. it has both an endocrine and a digestive exocrine function. 99% of the pancreas is exocrine and 1% is endocrine. As an endocrine gland, it functions mostly to regulate blood sugar levels, secreting the hormones insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. As a part of the digestive system, it functions as an exocrine gland secreting pancreatic juice into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct. This juice contains bicarbonate, which neutralizes acid entering the duodenum from the stomach; and digestive enzymes, which break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in food entering the duodenum from the stomach.

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